恪別𡧲版𢯢𢷮𧵑「隻𤿤𧵑戰船Méduse」

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（空顯示16番版𧵑8𠊛用於𡧲）
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{{r|'''隻𤿤𧵑戰船Méduse'''|Chiếc bè của chiến thuyền Méduse}}（[[㗂法]]：'''Le Radeau de la Méduse'''）羅𠬠幅[[杣油|張杣油]]得畫士浪漫𠊛法[[Théodore Géricault]] (1791-1824)實現𥪝時間1818─1819。幅張得完成欺翁27歲，吧伮㐌㨋成𠬠表像朱[[主義浪漫]]法。𠇍戟𡱩491 cm x 716 cm (193,3 in × 282,3 in)<ref>Berger, Klaus. "Géricault and His Work". Lawrence: University of Kansas Press, 1955. 78</ref>，伮羅𠬠幅張摹寫𠬠曠刻羅後果自務𣺻[[艚frigate]] Méduse𧵑海軍法，𢖖欺被𢹇𣵲𠓨𣈜5𣎃7𢆥1816在塳㴜外𣾺在坡㴜𦓡𣈜𣋚𠉞屬𧗱[[Mauritani]]。𠃝一147𠊛被㵢𣼸𨕭𠬠隻𤿤暫備得㨂𢖖欺𡥵艚𢹇𣵲，仍15𠊛㐌貼命13𣈜𠓀欺𣱆得解救，吧仍𠊛𤯨卒沛𠹾鄧難[[難𩟡|𩟡]]、[[渴]]、𣱆[[𩛖𦧘同類|𩛖𦧘]]吝饒𠬠格癲𠱋。事件呢㐌㨋成𠬠務𠾦𦁀國際，𠬠份爲原因𡘯𧵑伮羅由事少可能𧵑船長𠊛法，被歸結羅得認職𠁑審權𧵑制度[[Bourbon復皇|君主法𣃣得復回]]。𨕭實際，君[[Louis XVIII𧵑法|Louis XVIII]]空𣎏權𨖲㗂𥪝役補任船長，爲𠓀箕共如𣈜𠉞，國王空得直接參加𠓨各局補任船長朱各戰船。[[名冊爵號貴族歐洲|子爵]]Chaumareys，𠬠貴族㐌得補任爫船長𧵑Méduse，如𠬠𠑉慣常例得實現𥪝內部部海軍。
[[file:JEAN LOUIS THÉODORE GÉRICAULT - La Balsa de la Medusa (Museo del Louvre, 1818-19).jpg|thumb|隻𤿤𧵑戰船Méduse|300px|right]]
'''隻𤿤𧵑戰船Méduse'''（Chiếc bè của chiến thuyền Méduse、[[㗂法]]：Le Radeau de la Méduse）羅𠬠幅[[杣油|幀杣油]]得畫士浪漫𠊛法 [[Théodore Géricault]]（1791-1824）實現𥪝時間1818─1819。幅幀得完成欺翁27歲、吧伮㐌㨋成𠬠表像朱[[主義浪漫]]法。𢭲戟𡱩491[[偏絲𠼽|cm]]×716cm （193,3in×282,3in）<ref>Berger, Klaus. "Géricault and His Work". Lawrence: University of Kansas Press, 1955. 78</ref>、伮羅𠬠幅幀摹寫𠬠頃刻羅後果自務沈[[艚frigate]] Méduse𧵑[[海軍法]]、𢖖欺被𢹇𣵲𠓨𣈜2𣎃7𢆥1816在塳㴜外𣾺在坡㴜𦓡𣈜𣋚𠉞屬𧗱{{MRT2}}。𠃣一147𠊛被㵢𣼸𨕭𠬠隻𤿤暫備得㨂𢖖欺𡥵艚𢹇𣵲、仍15𠊛㐌貼命13𣈜𠓀欺𣱆得解救、吧仍𠊛𤯨卒沛𠹾鄧難[[難𩟡|𩟡]]、[[渴]]、𣱆[[𩛖𦧘同類|𩛖𦧘]]吝饒𠬠格癲𠱋。事件呢㐌㨋成𠬠務𠾦𦁀國際、𠬠份爲原因𡘯𧵑伮羅由事少可能𧵑船長𠊛法、被歸結羅得認職𠁑審權𧵑制度[[Bourbon復皇|君主法𣃣得復回]]。𨕭實際、君[[Louis XVIII𧵑法|Louis XVIII]]空𣎏權𨖲㗂𥪝役補任船長、爲𠓀箕共如𣈜𠉞、國王空得直接參加𠓨各局補任船長朱各戰船。[[名冊爵號貴族歐洲|子爵]]Chaumareys、𠬠貴族㐌得補任爫船長𧵑Méduse、如𠬠𠑉慣常例得實現𥪝內部部海軍。


𥪝役攄撰景悲劇爫主題朱𠬠作品𡘯頭先──空得抔據哀委託辭𠬠事件歷史近低── Géricault𣎏意㦖攄撰𠬠事故浽㗂爲伮𠱊造𠚢事關心𡘯𧵑[[輿論]]吧𠢞起動事業𧵑𨉟<ref name="Louvre">[http://www.louvre.fr/llv/activite/detail_parcours.jsp?CURRENT_LLV_PARCOURS%3C%3Ecnt_id=10134198673226914&CONTENT%3C%3Ecnt_id=10134198673327664&CURRENT_LLV_CHEMINEMENT%3C%3Ecnt_id=10134198673327664&bmLocale=en 隻𤿤𧵑戰船Méduse]。[[保藏Louvre|Louvre]]。追及𣈜19/11/2008.</ref>。事件捲吸𠊛畫士𥘷，吧𠓀欺翁實現版𦘧𡳳，翁㐌進行研究漊𢌌吧實現𡗊版璞草。翁㐌訪問𠄩𥪝數𠊛群𤯨卒，吧搓𥩯𠬠模型枝節𧗱隻𤿤。翁㐌𦤾各家殼吧病院，坭翁𣎏體觀察𤑟牟色吧結構𧵑𦧘𧵑𠊛插𣩁吧㐌𣩁。如翁㐌預斷，幅張㐌𢲧慄𡗊爭𠳚欺出現𠞺頭先在局[[展覽]]張在[[Paris]]𢆥1819，伮㐌收吸𡗊𠳒𠰙議濃熱吧𠳒𨖲案共墨度相當。雖然，伮㐌達得名㗂國際吧𣈜𠉞，伮得䀡如先鋒𩦓塘𥪝歷史班頭𧗱風潮浪漫𥪝繪畫法。
𥪝役攄撰景悲劇爫主題朱𠬠作品𡘯頭先──空得抔據哀委託辭𠬠事件歷史近低── Géricault𣎏意㦖攄撰𠬠事故浽㗂爲伮𠱊造𠚢事關心𡘯𧵑[[輿論]]吧𠢞起動事業𧵑𨉟<ref name="Louvre">[http://www.louvre.fr/llv/activite/detail_parcours.jsp?CURRENT_LLV_PARCOURS%3C%3Ecnt_id=10134198673226914&CONTENT%3C%3Ecnt_id=10134198673327664&CURRENT_LLV_CHEMINEMENT%3C%3Ecnt_id=10134198673327664&bmLocale=en 隻𤿤𧵑戰船Méduse]。[[寶藏Louvre|Louvre]]。追及𣈜19/11/2008.</ref>。事件捲吸𠊛畫士𥘷、吧𠓀欺翁實現版𦘧𡳳、翁㐌進行研究漊𢌌吧實現𡗊版璞草。翁㐌訪問𠄩𥪝數𠊛群𤯨卒、吧搓𥩯𠬠模型枝節𧗱隻𤿤。翁㐌𦤾各家殼吧病院、坭翁𣎏體觀察𤑟牟色吧結構𧵑𦧘𧵑𠊛插𣩁吧㐌𣩁。如翁㐌預斷、幅張㐌𢲧慄𡗊爭𠳚欺出現𠞺頭先在局[[展覽]]張在[[Paris]]𢆥1819、伮㐌收吸𡗊𠳒𠰙議濃熱吧𠳒𨖲案共墨度相當。雖然、伮㐌達得名㗂國際吧𣈜𠉞、伮得䀡如先鋒𩦓塘𥪝歷史班頭𧗱風潮浪漫𥪝繪畫法。


墨𠱋《隻𤿤𧵑戰船Méduse》𡧲吏各要素𧵑類張歷史，仍𥪝事攄撰主題印象吧風格程排劇性𧵑伮，伮大面朱事抔破𠚢外框母吧秩序𧵑場派[[新古典]]當現行。作品𧵑Géricault近如𣦍立即收吸事得注意𢌌𢖖欺伮得徵排𠞺頭，吧𢖖妬，伮㐌得徵排在[[倫敦]]。幅張㐌得𧷸吏𤳸[[保藏Louvre]]𣦍𢖖欺作者𧵑伮過𠁀欺𡤔於歲32。影響𧵑幅張𣎏體得𥆾𧡊𤑟𥪝各作品𧵑[[Eugène Delacroix]]、[[J. M. W. Turner]]、[[Gustave Courbet]]吧[[ Édouard Manet]]𢖖呢。
墨𠱋『隻𤿤𧵑戰船Méduse』𡧲吏各要素𧵑類張歷史、仍𥪝事攄撰主題印象吧風格程排劇性𧵑伮、伮大面朱事抔破𠚢外框母吧秩序𧵑場派[[新古典]]當現行。作品𧵑Géricault近如𣦍立即收吸事得注意𢌌𢖖欺伮得徵排𠞺頭、吧𢖖妬、伮㐌得徵排在[[倫敦]]。幅張㐌得𧷸吏𤳸[[寶藏Louvre]]𣦍𢖖欺作者𧵑伮過𠁀欺𡤔於歲32。影響𧵑幅張𣎏體得𥆾𧡊𤑟𥪝各作品𧵑[[Eugène Delacroix]]、[[J. M. W. Turner]]、[[Gustave Courbet]]吧[[ Édouard Manet]]𢖖呢。




== 事實隱𢖖俸對 ==
== 事實隱𢖖俸對 ==
句傳抔頭在Paris𢆥1816，即𠬠𢆥𢖖欺皇帝[[Napoléon Bonaparte|Napoléon]]被軍英吧同盟打敗在[[陣Waterloo]]。抵體現事擁護對𠇍𣳔𣱆[[家Bourbon|Bourbon]]𡤔得復回於法，𠊛英掻把朱渃法海港Saint Louis𨕭坡㴜西非屬[[Sénégal]]。低羅𠬠海港商賣𤯨群，𠬠點𨀊蹎理想𨕭塘𠫾自洲歐細[[㙁好望]]<ref name=vietsciences>{{註釋web|author=范越興（Phạm Việt Hưng）|title=隻𤿤𧵑戰船Méduse|url=http://vietsciences.free.fr/lichsu/radeaudeMeduse.htm|publisher=Vietsciences|accessdate=2012-06-10}}</ref>。
句傳抔頭在Paris𢆥1816、即𠬠𢆥𢖖欺皇帝[[Napoléon Bonaparte|Napoléon]]被軍英吧同盟打敗在[[陣Waterloo]]。抵體現事擁護對𠇍𣳔𣱆[[家Bourbon|Bourbon]]𡤔得復回於法、𠊛英掻把朱渃法海港Saint Louis𨕭坡㴜西非屬[[Sénégal]]。低羅𠬠海港商賣𤯨群、𠬠點𨀊蹎理想𨕭塘𠫾自洲歐細[[㙁好望]]<ref name=vietsciences>{{註釋web|author=范越興（Phạm Việt Hưng）|title=隻𤿤𧵑戰船Méduse|url=http://vietsciences.free.fr/lichsu/radeaudeMeduse.htm|publisher=Vietsciences|accessdate=2012-06-10}}</ref>。


[[集信:Méduse-Jean-Jérôme Baugean-IMG 4777.JPG|left|thumb|戰船Méduse、張𧵑Jean-Jérôme Baugean]]
抵接認主權對𠇍海港呢、[[Bourbon復皇|家渃𡤔]]𧵑法準備𠬠艦隊抵拸員總全權𡤔法在Sénégal共𠇍𠬠數官職吧兵領細海港妬。船長領導艦隊羅Hugues Duroy De Chaumareys。墨𠱋𣎏個𠸛𦖑慄叫<ref name=vietsciences/>、仍Duroy De Chaumareys空適合拙鬧𠇍職務𡤔、㐌53歲仍翁咱吻𩛖麪、炳褒扯捽、𧁷性、吧特別羅㐌欣20𢆥空奚𠚢㴜<ref>Zarzeczny, Matthew. "Theodore Géricault’s 'The Raft of the Méduse' Part I". ''Member’s Bulletin of The Napoleonic Society of America'', Fall 2001.</ref><ref>Zarzeczny, Matthew. "Theodore Géricault’s 'The Raft of the Méduse' Part II". ''Member’s Bulletin of The Napoleonic Society of America'', Spring 2002.</ref>、甚至𣗓包𣉹指揮𠬠𡥵艚。實𠚢𠓀妬翁咱只羅𠬠士官海關。理由主要抵De Chaumareys得補任單簡爲翁咱羅𠬠人物保皇絕對忠誠。曾羅𠬠[[子爵]]（Vicomte）、𢆥1795、De Chaumareys㐌加入軍隊英抵挵吏局革命法。𢆥1814、𣅶[[Louis XVIII𧵑法|Louis XVIII]]得拸㨋吏凱黃共羅𣅶De Chaumareys得把功𠬠格稱當。爲海軍羅𠬠部分𤯨群𧵑家渃法、𢧚Louis XVIII𧡊勤沛「保皇化」海軍。𥪝背景妬、De Chaumareys㨋成𠬠攄撰適合、不執性驕矜自負吧事少曉別𧗱航海𦤾墨當慮礙。事補任呢爫煙𢙱朝廷褒饒時吏爫朱各士官級𠁑𧵑De Chaumareys失望閉饒。仍士官呢份𡘯㐌曾參加仍戰役𧵑Napoléon挵吏軍英、爫𡫡𣱆𣎏體敬你𠬠𡥚不才指揮𨉟？關係𡧲𣱆𠇍De Chaumareys㨋𢧚兢𥊣。中尉Des Touches訥：


{{cquote|De Chaumareys羅𠬠貴族、仍推擬空得嚴肅朱夦。翁咱䁛役碎沛爫碎佐𠳐𠳒翁咱羅𠬠條自然。碎㐌解釋抵翁咱曉哴眾碎空差欺服務祖國𥪝階段翁咱𧼋𠚢渃外。勢羅翁咱𧁷𠹾耒𠊝𢷮態度居處𠇍碎……|||<ref name=vietsciences/>}}
[[集信:Raft of Méduse-Alexandre Corréard-IMG 4788-cropped.JPG|right|thumb|初圖『隻𤿤𧵑戰船Méduse』在時點各水手團得救𤯨<ref name="Darcy">Grigsby, Darcy Grimaldo. ''Extremities: Painting Empire in Post-Revolutionary France''. [[Yale University Press]], 2002. 177. ISBN 0-300-08887-6</ref>。]]
𣈜17𣎃6𢆥1816、𠁑事領導𧵑De Chaumareys、全艚海軍𧵑法𠁟4𡥵艚──戰船Méduse<ref group="記註">低羅艚frigate Méduse屬拉Pallas𠇍40炮得下水𢆥1810。𡗊𠊛任吝伮𠇍𠬠艚frigate恪𣎏26炮共芒𠸛Méduse屬拉Danae曾細越南；𠓨𣈜24𣎃7𢆥1789、[[百多祿]] （Pigneau de Béhaine） 吧[[阮福景|皇子景]]（𡥵𤳇阮映）𠫾𨕭戰船Méduse共𠇍曠300水軍、80炮兵吧50領䏧黰、及𤅶𡓁椰、[[淎艚|Cap Saint-Jacques]]、淎艚𣈜𠉞。局航程細Saint Louis𢆥1816達𨁪點𣍊朱事業征戰「威雄」𧵑「女鬼Méduse」。</ref>、艚䢐航Loire、船𠄩帆Argus吧艚護送𡮈Écho──起行自Rochefort、𠽍𡀔向細Saint Louis。𥪝努力得實現𥪝條件時節𡄰、Méduse㐌越過各艚恪、仍由可能定位劍、伮被㵢擲向100𨤮（161km）𠇍艦隊𧵑𨉟。勢耒災禍侈𠚢、𣈜2𣎃7、伮被𢹇𣵲𨕭𡓁𡋥外𣾺坡㴜西非、近{{MRT3}}𣈜𠉞。𡥵艚Méduse雖空被𥖑、只𢹇磔、仍慄𧁷抵矯伮𠚢塊𠬠繲𥒥砛。爲丕𡥵艚徐徐沈𡬈細仍䘃渃洳泮𦓡伮𣎏體沈。每𠊛㐌堵耒呢朱De Chaumereys、𠬠𠊛少可能共如經驗、𠬠仉流亡（émigré）仍吏得封爵<ref name="Darcy">Grigsby, Darcy Grimaldo. ''Extremities: Painting Empire in Post-Revolutionary France''. [[Yale University Press]], 2002. 174–78. ISBN 0-300-08887-6</ref><ref name="Eitner">Trapp, Frank Anderson. "Gericault's 'Raft of the Medusa', by Lorenz Eitner. ''The Art Bulletin'', Volume 58 No 1, March, 1976. 134–37</ref><ref name="Eitner2">Eitner, 191–192</ref>。𡗊𠊛㐌試掋𡥵艚𠚢塊汜砛、仍調失敗。De Chaumereys決定𢴐𠬕𡥵艚。翁咱集合仍𠊛信謹抵討論方案急救、必然水手空得邁參與。𡗊𠊛㐌𤑟𠚢慮礙𡀮𠫾60𨤵（97 km）細坡㴜𠌨西洲非共𦒹隻船𡥵𧵑Méduse。墨𠱋Méduse䢐細400𠊛、包𠁟160水手團、仍數船現𣎏只𣎏體䢐得250𠊛。De Chaumereys 標𧁷巾哴數船急救空𨁥抵䢐畢哿𠓨𡐙聯、Schmaltz立即拸𠚢「創見」：爫𠬠隻𤿤抵䢐水手𠓨𡐙聯、優先𠼵船急救朱仍航客「關重」、吧仍船呢𠱊矯隻𤿤𠓨坡安全。份群吏𠁟𠃣一146壇翁吧𠬠婦女得屹㨂𠓨𠬠隻𤿤暫備<ref>Borias, 2:19</ref>。
𠃣𠊛欣𨕭𠬠隻船急救𣎏義羅口份𩛖朱每𠊛𨕭𡥵船妬𠱊𡘯欣、妬羅格倂算𧵑𡌽𠊛「官職權貴」。𡳳共時仍隻船急救共抔頭𢬥帆掠㳥𧼋𠓨坡、矯遶隻𤿤。全隻𤿤只𣎏唯一1繓餅餅璧歸抵𩛖（仍㐌銷售𣍊𣦍𥪝𣈜頭先）、𠄩桶（被𣑎𠅎𡬈㴜𥪝欺𢲧孵）吧𠬠𠄽桶𨢇。拯包𥹰𡌽𠊛𨕭𤿤抔頭反應𠇍格對處不公低賤過路暸妬。爲過失望、𣱆泣心𠱊趂𨖲抔踞隻船急救鬧啲近低𣱆<ref>{{註釋web|author=舒銀|title=眾咱當𨕭隻𤿤Méduse|url=http://www.tuanvietnam.net/2010-07-27-toan-bo-xa-hoi-chung-ta-dang-di-tren-chiec-be-meduse-|publisher=tuanvietnam.net}}</ref>。情形妬爫De Chaumereys慌𢜝吧罕立即𠚢令割𠞹低𦀼𠇍隻𤿤、抵𢹇朱伮㵢浽泠汀𨕭㴜。仍𠊛𨕭隻𤿤𣅶妬失望吧慌亂、欺𣱆𥉩𧡊仍隻船急救寅寅屈塊塘蹎𡗶、抵墨𣱆於吏知磊𡧲𢙱㴜𣾺賒隔𡐙聯。𩟡渴、𠅎𥄭、吧無望、水手強𣈜強㨋𢧚兇㺞、𣱆進攻饒憑刀𨮌。
𢖖13𣈜泠汀𨕭㴜、𣈜17𣎃7𢆥1816、𤿤得解救𤳸戰船Argus、仍𨕭實際𡥵艚呢空奚𣎏意定尋檢隻𤿤呢<ref name="Darcy" /><ref>Miles, Jonathan. "[http://entertainment.timesonline.co.uk/tol/arts_and_entertainment/visual_arts/article1543209.ece Death and the masterpiece]". ''[[The Times]]'', March 24, 2007. Retrieved on November 20, 2008.</ref>。𦤾時點呢只群𣎏15𠊛吻群𤯨、仍𠊛恪㐌被𤄌或被𢷁𡬈㴜𤳸同隊𧵑𣱆、被𣩁𩟡、或自挍𨉟𠓨㴜𥪝絕望<ref group="記註">𦊚或𠄼𠊛𤯨卒㐌𣩁𢖖欺得水手團𧵑Argus救𤯨。</ref>。事件呢㐌㨋成𠬠𥪝仍務𠾦𦁀𡘯一朱制度君主Bourbon、只𡤔得[[Bourbon復皇|恢復權力]]近低𢖖欺Napoléon敗陣𢆥1815<ref name="Brandt">Brandt, Anthony. "Swept Away: When Gericault Painted the Raft of the Medusa, He Immersed Himself in His Subject's Horrors". ''American Scholar'', Autumn 2007.</ref>。
== 摹寫 ==
『隻𤿤𧵑戰船Méduse』描寫曠時間13𣈜𢖖欺隻𤿤被㵢𣼸、曠時間15𠊛𤯨卒當故哏呌救𠬠𡥵艚於騰賒𥪝絕望。遶打價𧵑𠬠𠊛英時期妬、幅張描寫時點𦓡隻𤿤插變成「殘跡」。作品得實現𨕭𠬠戟𡱩偉大、491 × 716 cm (193.3 × 282.3 in)、吧爲勢伮摹寫全景𠬠格慄實、𠇍戟𡱩如外𠁀常。曠隔賒近得體現慄𤑟𥪝幅張、正條呢㐌作動慄𡗊𦤾感觸𧵑𠊛䀡。
隻𤿤暫備空群𨁥可能騎仍𡥵㳥𡘯。𠬠翁𦓅當固𧵤殼𣩁𧵑𡥵𤳇𨕭頭𨆝、𠬠湥渃𥉴𣑎𨕭𦟐𥪝事絕望。慄𡗊殼𣩁得作者體現於前景、於外𦄶𧵑隻𤿤、坭𦓡仍𡥵㳥𡘯產床抉𣱆𠚢塊隻𤿤抔踞𣅶鬧。𠊛壇翁於𡧲㐌只𠊛恪䀡𠬠艚救護；吧邊𧣲妬、𠬠水手團梏非、Jean Charles<ref>Hagen & Hagen, trang 378</ref>、當𨅸𨕭𠬠桶𥧪枯吧當故哏捤巾抵𢲧事注意朱𡥵艚箕。過景象呢、作者只𠚢哴、局𤯨只𣎏意義欺𣎏希望、𠱋只羅𠬠希望矇暝──𡥵𠊛空體接續𤯨欺絕望<ref>Muther, trang 224</ref>。
各份𧵑幅張得構造𢭸𨕭𨕭𠄩構築形金字塔。週圍𧵑榾帆𡘯於邊賴𧵑穹形頭先。𩁱𠊛𣩁𦣰昂吧𠊛當吸滙於𠌨𠓀造𢧚𡋂𡒯抵仍𠊛𤯨卒𣎏體𨅸𨖲、拸感觸𨖲細頂高、坭𦓡人物中心捤拪𠚢號朱𠬠隻艚救護𥪝絕望。
Pallet𧵑Géricault包𠁟牟䏧𣛟稍、吧牟色陰幽𧵑裙襖𧵑仍𠊛𤯨卒、㴜吧𩄲。𥆾中、幅張𥉩𥊴𣅵吧份𡘯調洳𠓨役使用棕牟𥊴、脖牟主要羅牟𣘽、𠬠pallet𦓡Géricault信羅𣎏效果𥪝役演寫悲劇吧忉疸<ref name="Miles, 180">Miles, 180</ref>。映𤏬𥪝幅張得摹寫羅「Caravaggesque」、共如各化士𠊛意常𠦯聯tenebroso（「幽暗」）──役使用使相反𣎏希過𡧲𥊴吧𤏬。𣎏理Géricault空體現媒關心𦤾穹景㴜、使用牟青綠sẫm𠊝爲牟青藍𥄮造事相反𠇍棕牟𧵑隻𤿤共如各人物𥪝張<ref name="M226">Muther, 225–26</ref>。
== 展覽吧接認 ==
『隻𤿤𧵑戰船Méduse』得徵排𠞺頭先在局展覽張在Paris𢆥1819𠁑該標題終終羅Scène de Naufrage（景艚𣺻），墨𠱋主題實事𧵑伮空體𥄮吝朱𠊛䀡當代<ref name=christiansen>Christiansen, Rupert. [http://www.nytimes.com/books/first/c/christiansen-01victorian.html The Victorian Visitors: Culture Shock in Nineteenth-Century Britain]". ''[[The New York Times|New York Times]]'', June 3, 2001. Retrieved on January 04, 2008.</ref>。隻𤿤𧵑Géricault羅𠑖𣇟𧵑局展覽𠞺呢：「伮㧺𠓨𥉴每𠊛吧矯𠊛䀡圍觥伮」（Le Journal de Paris）。君[[Louis XVIII𧵑法|Louis XVIII]]㐌𦤾探局展覽𠀧𣈜𠓀欺開幕，吧遶如詳程朱咍「Monsieur, vous venez de faire un naufrage qui n'en est pas un pour vous」<ref name=wrigley>Reported by Gérard, cited in: {{註釋冊|last=Wrigley|first=Richard|title=The origins of French art criticism: from the Ancien Régime to the Restoration|year=1995|publisher=Clarendon Press|location=Oxford|isbn=978-0-19-817409-7|url=http://books.google.com/books?ei=211CTsblEc7Hsgbh0rXhBw|page=76}}</ref>，暫譯羅「疎𠊛（Géricault），𡥵艚𣺻𧵑𠊛一定空及災厄」<ref name=barnes>{{註釋冊|last=Barnes|first=Julian|title=A history of the world in 10 1/2 chapters|year=1990|publisher=Picador|location=London|isbn=0-330-31399-1|edition=Paperback |page=126}}</ref>。各家批評㐌得分支：用羨吧「terribilità」𧗱念耽迷實現主題，仍信徒場派古典體現事振恄𧵑𣱆𧗱仍之𣱆摹寫如𠬠「腖殼𣩁」，主義現實𦓡𣱆得䁛羅𠬠奢辭「𡲈𢢲理想」入體𤳸Girodet𥪝Pygmalion吧Galatea（戰勝共𢆥妬）。工程𧵑Géricault㐌對𩈘𠇍𠬠逆理𡘯𧵑繪畫：爫勢鬧抵𠬠主題驚駭吧甚至「𡃊𠺸」如勢𣎏體㨋成𠬠作品美術得讚賞？爫勢鬧抵藝術和解得𠇍實際？Coupin Marie-Philippe de la Couperie，𠬠畫士法，共時𠇍Géricault確實：「𠊛Géricault㐌𥄮耒。目標𧵑繪Géricault畫羅訥仍條𢢲𢙵𠇍心魂吧𡥵𥉴，𠊝爲𢲧𠚢感覺𧁷𠹾憾𠺸如勢」。仍幅張吻得慄𡗊𠊛仰慕，𥪝妬𣎏家文兼家批評藝術浽㗂Auguste Jal，𠬠𠊛空惜𠳒嘎議主題芒性政治挵對吧意識𢢊自由𧵑伮（𦛼域𠊛𥰊古𡮤𠸣，批判主義保皇極端）。家史學Jules Michelet群爫朱問題㨋𢧚嚴重欣欺翁警報社會當時：「全部社會眾咱當𠫾𨕭隻𤿤Méduse」<ref name="Louvre" />。
==  參考 ==
==  參考 ==
=== 記註 ===
{{參考|group="記註"}}
=== 註釋 ===
=== 註釋 ===
{{參考|2}}
{{參考|2}}
=== 書目 ===
{{refbegin|30em}}
* Alhadeff, Albert. ''The Raft of the Medusa: Géricault, Art, and Race'', Prestel, 2002, ISBN 3-7913-2782-8, ISBN 978-3-7913-2782-2
* [[Julian Barnes|Barnes, Julian]].  ''[[A History of the World in 10½ Chapters]]''.  London: Jonathan Cape, 1989.  ISBN 0-09-954012-6.  Chapter 5, ''Shipwreck'', is an analysis of the painting.
* Berger, Klaus & Gaericault, Thaeodore. ''Gericault: Drawings & Watercolors''. New York: H. Bittner and Company, 1946.
* Boime, Albert. ''Art in an Age of Counterrevolution 1815–1848''. Chicago: [[University of Chicago Press]], 2004. ISBN 0-226-06337-2
* Borias, Georges-Antoine. ''Géricault: The Raft of the 'Medusa''' (Film). The Roland Collection of Films on Art. Directed by Touboul, Adrien, 1968.
* Eitner, Lorenz. ''Gericault's 'Raft of the Medusa'''. New York, Phaidon, 1972. ISBN 0-8021-4392-X
* Eitner, Lorenz. ''19th Century European Painting: David to Cézanne''. Westview Press, 2002. ISBN 0-8133-6570-8
* Elsen, Albert. ''The Gates of Hell by Auguste Rodin''. [[Stanford University Press]], 1985. ISBN 0-8047-1273-5
* Fried, Michael. ''Manet's Modernism: Or, the Face of Painting in the 1860s''. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1998. ISBN 0-226-26217-0
* Grigsby, Darcy Grimaldo. ''Extremities: Painting Empire in Post-Revolutionary France, (a study of the works of Girodet, Gros, Gericault, and Delacroix).'' [[Yale University Press]], 2002. ISBN 0-300-08887-6
* Hagen, Rose-Marie & Hagen, Rainer. ''What Great Paintings Say''. Vol. 1. Taschen, 2007 (25th Ed). 374–7. ISBN 3-8228-4790-9
* McKee, Alexander. ''Wreck of the Medusa, The Tragic Story of the Death Raft''. London: Souvenir Press, 1975. ISBN 0-451-20044-6
* Miles, Jonathan.  ''The Wreck of the Medusa: The Most Famous Sea Disaster of the Nineteenth Century''. [[Atlantic Monthly Press]], 2007. ISBN 978-0-87113-959-7
* Muther, Richard. ''The History of Modern Painting Vol. 1''. London: J.M. Dent, 1907.
* Néret, Gilles. ''Eugène Delacroix: The Prince of Romanticism''. Taschen, 2000. ISBN 3-8228-5988-5
* Nicholas, Lynn H. (1994). ''The Rape of Europa: the Fate of Europe's Treasures in the Third Reich and the Second World War.'' New York: [[Alfred A. Knopf]].  10-ISBN 0-679-40069-9/13-ISBN 978-0-679-40069-1; [http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/246524635 OCLC 246524635]
* Noon, Patrick & Bann, Stephen. ''Crossing the Channel: British and French Painting in the Age of Romanticism''. London: [[Tate Publishing Ltd|Tate Publishing]], 2003. ISBN 1-85437-513-X (see also "Riding" below)
* Novotny, Fritz. ''Painting and Sculpture in Europe, 1780 to 1880''. Baltimore: Penguin Books, 1960.
* Riding, Christine. "The Raft of the Medusa in Britain". In: Noon, Patrick & Bann, Stephen. ''Crossing the Channel: British and French Painting in the Age of Romanticism''. London: Tate Publishing, June 2003. ISBN 1-85437-513-X
* Riding, Christine. "The Fatal Raft: Christine Riding Looks at British Reaction to the French Tragedy at Sea Immortalised in Gericault's Masterpiece 'the Raft of the Medusa'". ''[[History Today]]'', February 2003.
* Rowe Snow, Edward. ''Tales of Terror and Tragedy''. New York: Dodd Mead, 1979. ISBN 0-396-07775-7
* Wellington, Hubert. ''The Journal of Eugène Delacroix''. Phaidon ([[Cornell University Press]]), 1980. Library of Congress Number 80-66413
* Wintle, Justin. ''Makers of Nineteenth Century Culture''. London: Routledge, 2001. ISBN 0-415-26584-3
{{refend}}
== 聯結外 ==
* The official painting record at the [http://www.louvre.fr/llv/oeuvres/detail_notice.jsp?CONTENT%3C%3Ecnt_id=10134198673236500&CURRENT_LLV_NOTICE%3C%3Ecnt_id=10134198673236500&FOLDER%3C%3Efolder_id=9852723696500815&baseIndex=0&bmLocale=en louvre website]


{{Wikipedia|Chiếc bè của chiến thuyền Méduse}}
{{Wikipedia|Chiếc bè của chiến thuyền Méduse}}


[[體類:現物保藏Louvre]]
[[體類:現物寶藏Louvre]]
[[體類:張杣油]]
[[體類:張杣油]]

版㵋一𣅶12:06、𣈜26𣎃4𢆥2024

 排或段尼懃得整𢯢蹺『榜𡨸漢喃準常用』吧定樣排𢪏。
Bài hoặc đoạn cần được chỉnh sửa theo Bảng chữ Hán Nôm chuẩn Thường dùng và Định dạng bài viết.
隻𤿤𧵑戰船Méduse

隻𤿤𧵑戰船Méduse（Chiếc bè của chiến thuyền Méduse、㗂法：Le Radeau de la Méduse）羅𠬠幅幀杣油得畫士浪漫𠊛法 Théodore Géricault（1791-1824）實現𥪝時間1818─1819。幅幀得完成欺翁27歲、吧伮㐌㨋成𠬠表像朱主義浪漫法。𢭲戟𡱩491cm×716cm （193,3in×282,3in）[1]、伮羅𠬠幅幀摹寫𠬠頃刻羅後果自務沈艚frigate Méduse𧵑海軍法、𢖖欺被𢹇𣵲𠓨𣈜2𣎃7𢆥1816在塳㴜外𣾺在坡㴜𦓡𣈜𣋚𠉞屬𧗱模mô𠶋ri些ta尼ni（Mauritanie）。𠃣一147𠊛被㵢𣼸𨕭𠬠隻𤿤暫備得㨂𢖖欺𡥵艚𢹇𣵲、仍15𠊛㐌貼命13𣈜𠓀欺𣱆得解救、吧仍𠊛𤯨卒沛𠹾鄧難𩟡、渴、𣱆𩛖𦧘吝饒𠬠格癲𠱋。事件呢㐌㨋成𠬠務𠾦𦁀國際、𠬠份爲原因𡘯𧵑伮羅由事少可能𧵑船長𠊛法、被歸結羅得認職𠁑審權𧵑制度君主法𣃣得復回。𨕭實際、君Louis XVIII空𣎏權𨖲㗂𥪝役補任船長、爲𠓀箕共如𣈜𠉞、國王空得直接參加𠓨各局補任船長朱各戰船。子爵Chaumareys、𠬠貴族㐌得補任爫船長𧵑Méduse、如𠬠𠑉慣常例得實現𥪝內部部海軍。

𥪝役攄撰景悲劇爫主題朱𠬠作品𡘯頭先──空得抔據哀委託辭𠬠事件歷史近低── Géricault𣎏意㦖攄撰𠬠事故浽㗂爲伮𠱊造𠚢事關心𡘯𧵑輿論吧𠢞起動事業𧵑𨉟[2]。事件捲吸𠊛畫士𥘷、吧𠓀欺翁實現版𦘧𡳳、翁㐌進行研究漊𢌌吧實現𡗊版璞草。翁㐌訪問𠄩𥪝數𠊛群𤯨卒、吧搓𥩯𠬠模型枝節𧗱隻𤿤。翁㐌𦤾各家殼吧病院、坭翁𣎏體觀察𤑟牟色吧結構𧵑𦧘𧵑𠊛插𣩁吧㐌𣩁。如翁㐌預斷、幅張㐌𢲧慄𡗊爭𠳚欺出現𠞺頭先在局展覽張在Paris𢆥1819、伮㐌收吸𡗊𠳒𠰙議濃熱吧𠳒𨖲案共墨度相當。雖然、伮㐌達得名㗂國際吧𣈜𠉞、伮得䀡如先鋒𩦓塘𥪝歷史班頭𧗱風潮浪漫𥪝繪畫法。

墨𠱋『隻𤿤𧵑戰船Méduse』𡧲吏各要素𧵑類張歷史、仍𥪝事攄撰主題印象吧風格程排劇性𧵑伮、伮大面朱事抔破𠚢外框母吧秩序𧵑場派新古典當現行。作品𧵑Géricault近如𣦍立即收吸事得注意𢌌𢖖欺伮得徵排𠞺頭、吧𢖖妬、伮㐌得徵排在倫敦。幅張㐌得𧷸吏𤳸寶藏Louvre𣦍𢖖欺作者𧵑伮過𠁀欺𡤔於歲32。影響𧵑幅張𣎏體得𥆾𧡊𤑟𥪝各作品𧵑Eugène Delacroix、J. M. W. Turner、Gustave Courbet吧Édouard Manet𢖖呢。


事實隱𢖖俸對

句傳抔頭在Paris𢆥1816、即𠬠𢆥𢖖欺皇帝Napoléon被軍英吧同盟打敗在陣Waterloo。抵體現事擁護對𠇍𣳔𣱆Bourbon𡤔得復回於法、𠊛英掻把朱渃法海港Saint Louis𨕭坡㴜西非屬Sénégal。低羅𠬠海港商賣𤯨群、𠬠點𨀊蹎理想𨕭塘𠫾自洲歐細㙁好望[3]。

戰船Méduse、張𧵑Jean-Jérôme Baugean

抵接認主權對𠇍海港呢、家渃𡤔𧵑法準備𠬠艦隊抵拸員總全權𡤔法在Sénégal共𠇍𠬠數官職吧兵領細海港妬。船長領導艦隊羅Hugues Duroy De Chaumareys。墨𠱋𣎏個𠸛𦖑慄叫[3]、仍Duroy De Chaumareys空適合拙鬧𠇍職務𡤔、㐌53歲仍翁咱吻𩛖麪、炳褒扯捽、𧁷性、吧特別羅㐌欣20𢆥空奚𠚢㴜[4][5]、甚至𣗓包𣉹指揮𠬠𡥵艚。實𠚢𠓀妬翁咱只羅𠬠士官海關。理由主要抵De Chaumareys得補任單簡爲翁咱羅𠬠人物保皇絕對忠誠。曾羅𠬠子爵（Vicomte）、𢆥1795、De Chaumareys㐌加入軍隊英抵挵吏局革命法。𢆥1814、𣅶Louis XVIII得拸㨋吏凱黃共羅𣅶De Chaumareys得把功𠬠格稱當。爲海軍羅𠬠部分𤯨群𧵑家渃法、𢧚Louis XVIII𧡊勤沛「保皇化」海軍。𥪝背景妬、De Chaumareys㨋成𠬠攄撰適合、不執性驕矜自負吧事少曉別𧗱航海𦤾墨當慮礙。事補任呢爫煙𢙱朝廷褒饒時吏爫朱各士官級𠁑𧵑De Chaumareys失望閉饒。仍士官呢份𡘯㐌曾參加仍戰役𧵑Napoléon挵吏軍英、爫𡫡𣱆𣎏體敬你𠬠𡥚不才指揮𨉟？關係𡧲𣱆𠇍De Chaumareys㨋𢧚兢𥊣。中尉Des Touches訥：

「
De Chaumareys羅𠬠貴族、仍推擬空得嚴肅朱夦。翁咱䁛役碎沛爫碎佐𠳐𠳒翁咱羅𠬠條自然。碎㐌解釋抵翁咱曉哴眾碎空差欺服務祖國𥪝階段翁咱𧼋𠚢渃外。勢羅翁咱𧁷𠹾耒𠊝𢷮態度居處𠇍碎……
」
初圖『隻𤿤𧵑戰船Méduse』在時點各水手團得救𤯨[6]。

𣈜17𣎃6𢆥1816、𠁑事領導𧵑De Chaumareys、全艚海軍𧵑法𠁟4𡥵艚──戰船Méduse[記註 1]、艚䢐航Loire、船𠄩帆Argus吧艚護送𡮈Écho──起行自Rochefort、𠽍𡀔向細Saint Louis。𥪝努力得實現𥪝條件時節𡄰、Méduse㐌越過各艚恪、仍由可能定位劍、伮被㵢擲向100𨤮（161km）𠇍艦隊𧵑𨉟。勢耒災禍侈𠚢、𣈜2𣎃7、伮被𢹇𣵲𨕭𡓁𡋥外𣾺坡㴜西非、近模𠶋些尼𣈜𠉞。𡥵艚Méduse雖空被𥖑、只𢹇磔、仍慄𧁷抵矯伮𠚢塊𠬠繲𥒥砛。爲丕𡥵艚徐徐沈𡬈細仍䘃渃洳泮𦓡伮𣎏體沈。每𠊛㐌堵耒呢朱De Chaumereys、𠬠𠊛少可能共如經驗、𠬠仉流亡（émigré）仍吏得封爵[6][7][8]。𡗊𠊛㐌試掋𡥵艚𠚢塊汜砛、仍調失敗。De Chaumereys決定𢴐𠬕𡥵艚。翁咱集合仍𠊛信謹抵討論方案急救、必然水手空得邁參與。𡗊𠊛㐌𤑟𠚢慮礙𡀮𠫾60𨤵（97 km）細坡㴜𠌨西洲非共𦒹隻船𡥵𧵑Méduse。墨𠱋Méduse䢐細400𠊛、包𠁟160水手團、仍數船現𣎏只𣎏體䢐得250𠊛。De Chaumereys 標𧁷巾哴數船急救空𨁥抵䢐畢哿𠓨𡐙聯、Schmaltz立即拸𠚢「創見」：爫𠬠隻𤿤抵䢐水手𠓨𡐙聯、優先𠼵船急救朱仍航客「關重」、吧仍船呢𠱊矯隻𤿤𠓨坡安全。份群吏𠁟𠃣一146壇翁吧𠬠婦女得屹㨂𠓨𠬠隻𤿤暫備[9]。

𠃣𠊛欣𨕭𠬠隻船急救𣎏義羅口份𩛖朱每𠊛𨕭𡥵船妬𠱊𡘯欣、妬羅格倂算𧵑𡌽𠊛「官職權貴」。𡳳共時仍隻船急救共抔頭𢬥帆掠㳥𧼋𠓨坡、矯遶隻𤿤。全隻𤿤只𣎏唯一1繓餅餅璧歸抵𩛖（仍㐌銷售𣍊𣦍𥪝𣈜頭先）、𠄩桶（被𣑎𠅎𡬈㴜𥪝欺𢲧孵）吧𠬠𠄽桶𨢇。拯包𥹰𡌽𠊛𨕭𤿤抔頭反應𠇍格對處不公低賤過路暸妬。爲過失望、𣱆泣心𠱊趂𨖲抔踞隻船急救鬧啲近低𣱆[10]。情形妬爫De Chaumereys慌𢜝吧罕立即𠚢令割𠞹低𦀼𠇍隻𤿤、抵𢹇朱伮㵢浽泠汀𨕭㴜。仍𠊛𨕭隻𤿤𣅶妬失望吧慌亂、欺𣱆𥉩𧡊仍隻船急救寅寅屈塊塘蹎𡗶、抵墨𣱆於吏知磊𡧲𢙱㴜𣾺賒隔𡐙聯。𩟡渴、𠅎𥄭、吧無望、水手強𣈜強㨋𢧚兇㺞、𣱆進攻饒憑刀𨮌。

𢖖13𣈜泠汀𨕭㴜、𣈜17𣎃7𢆥1816、𤿤得解救𤳸戰船Argus、仍𨕭實際𡥵艚呢空奚𣎏意定尋檢隻𤿤呢[6][11]。𦤾時點呢只群𣎏15𠊛吻群𤯨、仍𠊛恪㐌被𤄌或被𢷁𡬈㴜𤳸同隊𧵑𣱆、被𣩁𩟡、或自挍𨉟𠓨㴜𥪝絕望[記註 2]。事件呢㐌㨋成𠬠𥪝仍務𠾦𦁀𡘯一朱制度君主Bourbon、只𡤔得恢復權力近低𢖖欺Napoléon敗陣𢆥1815[12]。

摹寫

『隻𤿤𧵑戰船Méduse』描寫曠時間13𣈜𢖖欺隻𤿤被㵢𣼸、曠時間15𠊛𤯨卒當故哏呌救𠬠𡥵艚於騰賒𥪝絕望。遶打價𧵑𠬠𠊛英時期妬、幅張描寫時點𦓡隻𤿤插變成「殘跡」。作品得實現𨕭𠬠戟𡱩偉大、491 × 716 cm (193.3 × 282.3 in)、吧爲勢伮摹寫全景𠬠格慄實、𠇍戟𡱩如外𠁀常。曠隔賒近得體現慄𤑟𥪝幅張、正條呢㐌作動慄𡗊𦤾感觸𧵑𠊛䀡。

隻𤿤暫備空群𨁥可能騎仍𡥵㳥𡘯。𠬠翁𦓅當固𧵤殼𣩁𧵑𡥵𤳇𨕭頭𨆝、𠬠湥渃𥉴𣑎𨕭𦟐𥪝事絕望。慄𡗊殼𣩁得作者體現於前景、於外𦄶𧵑隻𤿤、坭𦓡仍𡥵㳥𡘯產床抉𣱆𠚢塊隻𤿤抔踞𣅶鬧。𠊛壇翁於𡧲㐌只𠊛恪䀡𠬠艚救護；吧邊𧣲妬、𠬠水手團梏非、Jean Charles[13]、當𨅸𨕭𠬠桶𥧪枯吧當故哏捤巾抵𢲧事注意朱𡥵艚箕。過景象呢、作者只𠚢哴、局𤯨只𣎏意義欺𣎏希望、𠱋只羅𠬠希望矇暝──𡥵𠊛空體接續𤯨欺絕望[14]。

各份𧵑幅張得構造𢭸𨕭𨕭𠄩構築形金字塔。週圍𧵑榾帆𡘯於邊賴𧵑穹形頭先。𩁱𠊛𣩁𦣰昂吧𠊛當吸滙於𠌨𠓀造𢧚𡋂𡒯抵仍𠊛𤯨卒𣎏體𨅸𨖲、拸感觸𨖲細頂高、坭𦓡人物中心捤拪𠚢號朱𠬠隻艚救護𥪝絕望。

Pallet𧵑Géricault包𠁟牟䏧𣛟稍、吧牟色陰幽𧵑裙襖𧵑仍𠊛𤯨卒、㴜吧𩄲。𥆾中、幅張𥉩𥊴𣅵吧份𡘯調洳𠓨役使用棕牟𥊴、脖牟主要羅牟𣘽、𠬠pallet𦓡Géricault信羅𣎏效果𥪝役演寫悲劇吧忉疸[15]。映𤏬𥪝幅張得摹寫羅「Caravaggesque」、共如各化士𠊛意常𠦯聯tenebroso（「幽暗」）──役使用使相反𣎏希過𡧲𥊴吧𤏬。𣎏理Géricault空體現媒關心𦤾穹景㴜、使用牟青綠sẫm𠊝爲牟青藍𥄮造事相反𠇍棕牟𧵑隻𤿤共如各人物𥪝張[16]。

展覽吧接認

『隻𤿤𧵑戰船Méduse』得徵排𠞺頭先在局展覽張在Paris𢆥1819𠁑該標題終終羅Scène de Naufrage（景艚𣺻），墨𠱋主題實事𧵑伮空體𥄮吝朱𠊛䀡當代[17]。隻𤿤𧵑Géricault羅𠑖𣇟𧵑局展覽𠞺呢：「伮㧺𠓨𥉴每𠊛吧矯𠊛䀡圍觥伮」（Le Journal de Paris）。君Louis XVIII㐌𦤾探局展覽𠀧𣈜𠓀欺開幕，吧遶如詳程朱咍「Monsieur, vous venez de faire un naufrage qui n'en est pas un pour vous」[18]，暫譯羅「疎𠊛（Géricault），𡥵艚𣺻𧵑𠊛一定空及災厄」[19]。各家批評㐌得分支：用羨吧「terribilità」𧗱念耽迷實現主題，仍信徒場派古典體現事振恄𧵑𣱆𧗱仍之𣱆摹寫如𠬠「腖殼𣩁」，主義現實𦓡𣱆得䁛羅𠬠奢辭「𡲈𢢲理想」入體𤳸Girodet𥪝Pygmalion吧Galatea（戰勝共𢆥妬）。工程𧵑Géricault㐌對𩈘𠇍𠬠逆理𡘯𧵑繪畫：爫勢鬧抵𠬠主題驚駭吧甚至「𡃊𠺸」如勢𣎏體㨋成𠬠作品美術得讚賞？爫勢鬧抵藝術和解得𠇍實際？Coupin Marie-Philippe de la Couperie，𠬠畫士法，共時𠇍Géricault確實：「𠊛Géricault㐌𥄮耒。目標𧵑繪Géricault畫羅訥仍條𢢲𢙵𠇍心魂吧𡥵𥉴，𠊝爲𢲧𠚢感覺𧁷𠹾憾𠺸如勢」。仍幅張吻得慄𡗊𠊛仰慕，𥪝妬𣎏家文兼家批評藝術浽㗂Auguste Jal，𠬠𠊛空惜𠳒嘎議主題芒性政治挵對吧意識𢢊自由𧵑伮（𦛼域𠊛𥰊古𡮤𠸣，批判主義保皇極端）。家史學Jules Michelet群爫朱問題㨋𢧚嚴重欣欺翁警報社會當時：「全部社會眾咱當𠫾𨕭隻𤿤Méduse」[2]。

參考

記註

  1. ↑ 低羅艚frigate Méduse屬拉Pallas𠇍40炮得下水𢆥1810。𡗊𠊛任吝伮𠇍𠬠艚frigate恪𣎏26炮共芒𠸛Méduse屬拉Danae曾細越南；𠓨𣈜24𣎃7𢆥1789、百多祿 （Pigneau de Béhaine） 吧皇子景（𡥵𤳇阮映）𠫾𨕭戰船Méduse共𠇍曠300水軍、80炮兵吧50領䏧黰、及𤅶𡓁椰、Cap Saint-Jacques、淎艚𣈜𠉞。局航程細Saint Louis𢆥1816達𨁪點𣍊朱事業征戰「威雄」𧵑「女鬼Méduse」。
  2. ↑ 𦊚或𠄼𠊛𤯨卒㐌𣩁𢖖欺得水手團𧵑Argus救𤯨。

註釋

  1. ↑ Berger, Klaus. "Géricault and His Work". Lawrence: University of Kansas Press, 1955. 78
  2. ↑ 2,0 2,1 隻𤿤𧵑戰船Méduse。Louvre。追及𣈜19/11/2008.
  3. ↑ 3,0 3,1 3,2 范越興（Phạm Việt Hưng）。隻𤿤𧵑戰船Méduse。Vietsciences。追及2012-06-10。
  4. ↑ Zarzeczny, Matthew. "Theodore Géricault’s 'The Raft of the Méduse' Part I". Member’s Bulletin of The Napoleonic Society of America, Fall 2001.
  5. ↑ Zarzeczny, Matthew. "Theodore Géricault’s 'The Raft of the Méduse' Part II". Member’s Bulletin of The Napoleonic Society of America, Spring 2002.
  6. ↑ 6,0 6,1 6,2 Grigsby, Darcy Grimaldo. Extremities: Painting Empire in Post-Revolutionary France. Yale University Press, 2002. 177. ISBN 0-300-08887-6 Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; name "Darcy" defined multiple times with different content
  7. ↑ Trapp, Frank Anderson. "Gericault's 'Raft of the Medusa', by Lorenz Eitner. The Art Bulletin, Volume 58 No 1, March, 1976. 134–37
  8. ↑ Eitner, 191–192
  9. ↑ Borias, 2:19
  10. ↑ 舒銀。眾咱當𨕭隻𤿤Méduse。tuanvietnam.net。
  11. ↑ Miles, Jonathan. "Death and the masterpiece". The Times, March 24, 2007. Retrieved on November 20, 2008.
  12. ↑ Brandt, Anthony. "Swept Away: When Gericault Painted the Raft of the Medusa, He Immersed Himself in His Subject's Horrors". American Scholar, Autumn 2007.
  13. ↑ Hagen & Hagen, trang 378
  14. ↑ Muther, trang 224
  15. ↑ Miles, 180
  16. ↑ Muther, 225–26
  17. ↑ Christiansen, Rupert. The Victorian Visitors: Culture Shock in Nineteenth-Century Britain". New York Times, June 3, 2001. Retrieved on January 04, 2008.
  18. ↑ Reported by Gérard, cited in: 板㑄:註釋冊
  19. ↑ 板㑄:註釋冊

書目

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  • Alhadeff, Albert. The Raft of the Medusa: Géricault, Art, and Race, Prestel, 2002, ISBN 3-7913-2782-8, ISBN 978-3-7913-2782-2
  • Barnes, Julian. A History of the World in 10½ Chapters. London: Jonathan Cape, 1989. ISBN 0-09-954012-6. Chapter 5, Shipwreck, is an analysis of the painting.
  • Berger, Klaus & Gaericault, Thaeodore. Gericault: Drawings & Watercolors. New York: H. Bittner and Company, 1946.
  • Boime, Albert. Art in an Age of Counterrevolution 1815–1848. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2004. ISBN 0-226-06337-2
  • Borias, Georges-Antoine. Géricault: The Raft of the 'Medusa' (Film). The Roland Collection of Films on Art. Directed by Touboul, Adrien, 1968.
  • Eitner, Lorenz. Gericault's 'Raft of the Medusa'. New York, Phaidon, 1972. ISBN 0-8021-4392-X
  • Eitner, Lorenz. 19th Century European Painting: David to Cézanne. Westview Press, 2002. ISBN 0-8133-6570-8
  • Elsen, Albert. The Gates of Hell by Auguste Rodin. Stanford University Press, 1985. ISBN 0-8047-1273-5
  • Fried, Michael. Manet's Modernism: Or, the Face of Painting in the 1860s. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1998. ISBN 0-226-26217-0
  • Grigsby, Darcy Grimaldo. Extremities: Painting Empire in Post-Revolutionary France, (a study of the works of Girodet, Gros, Gericault, and Delacroix). Yale University Press, 2002. ISBN 0-300-08887-6
  • Hagen, Rose-Marie & Hagen, Rainer. What Great Paintings Say. Vol. 1. Taschen, 2007 (25th Ed). 374–7. ISBN 3-8228-4790-9
  • McKee, Alexander. Wreck of the Medusa, The Tragic Story of the Death Raft. London: Souvenir Press, 1975. ISBN 0-451-20044-6
  • Miles, Jonathan. The Wreck of the Medusa: The Most Famous Sea Disaster of the Nineteenth Century. Atlantic Monthly Press, 2007. ISBN 978-0-87113-959-7
  • Muther, Richard. The History of Modern Painting Vol. 1. London: J.M. Dent, 1907.
  • Néret, Gilles. Eugène Delacroix: The Prince of Romanticism. Taschen, 2000. ISBN 3-8228-5988-5
  • Nicholas, Lynn H. (1994). The Rape of Europa: the Fate of Europe's Treasures in the Third Reich and the Second World War. New York: Alfred A. Knopf. 10-ISBN 0-679-40069-9/13-ISBN 978-0-679-40069-1; OCLC 246524635
  • Noon, Patrick & Bann, Stephen. Crossing the Channel: British and French Painting in the Age of Romanticism. London: Tate Publishing, 2003. ISBN 1-85437-513-X (see also "Riding" below)
  • Novotny, Fritz. Painting and Sculpture in Europe, 1780 to 1880. Baltimore: Penguin Books, 1960.
  • Riding, Christine. "The Raft of the Medusa in Britain". In: Noon, Patrick & Bann, Stephen. Crossing the Channel: British and French Painting in the Age of Romanticism. London: Tate Publishing, June 2003. ISBN 1-85437-513-X
  • Riding, Christine. "The Fatal Raft: Christine Riding Looks at British Reaction to the French Tragedy at Sea Immortalised in Gericault's Masterpiece 'the Raft of the Medusa'". History Today, February 2003.
  • Rowe Snow, Edward. Tales of Terror and Tragedy. New York: Dodd Mead, 1979. ISBN 0-396-07775-7
  • Wellington, Hubert. The Journal of Eugène Delacroix. Phaidon (Cornell University Press), 1980. Library of Congress Number 80-66413
  • Wintle, Justin. Makers of Nineteenth Century Culture. London: Routledge, 2001. ISBN 0-415-26584-3

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