恪別𡧲版𢯢𢷮𧵑「戰爭越南」

===仍遺産𧵑[[戰爭東洋]]吝次一===

遶政府美、𡢐戰爭世界次𠄩、𠬠𩈘美擁護概念民族自決、𩈘恪渃呢拱𣎏關係質製唄各同盟洲歐𧵑𠵴、仍渃㐌𣎏仍宣佈[[帝國]]對唄各屬地𫇰𧵑戶。戰爭冷指爫復雜添位置𧵑美、役美擁護過程飛實民化得賠吏凭媒關心𧵑戶對唄事欄𢌌𧵑主義共産吧仍參望戰略𧵑聯搊在洲歐。𠬠數同盟[[NATO]]肯定哴屬地空級朱戶飭命經濟吧軍事𦓡𡀮空𣎏伮時聯盟方西𠱊散吔。𧵆如畢哿各同盟洲歐𧵑美調信哴[[屬地]]𠱊空級事結合𡨌原料吧市場得保衛對唄行化成品𧵑戶、自𪦆𠱊堅結各屬地唄洲歐。<ref>[http://history.state.gov/milestones/1945-1952/AsiaandAfrica Decolonization of Asia and Africa, 1945-1960, Office of the Historian, Bureau of Public Affairs, United States Department of State], trích:"While the United States generally supported the concept of national self-determination, it also had strong ties to its European allies, who had imperial claims on their former colonies. The Cold War only served to complicate the U.S. position, as U.S. support for decolonization was offset by American concern over communist expansion and Soviet strategic ambitions in Europe. Several of the NATO allies asserted that their colonial possessions provided them with economic and military strength that would otherwise be lost to the alliance. Nearly all of the United States' European allies believed that after their recovery from World War II their colonies would finally provide the combination of raw materials and protected markets for finished goods that would cement the colonies to Europe."</ref>

欣姅、𣦍自𢆥1949、𡢐欺[[内戰中國]]結束、接𪦆羅[[戰爭朝鮮]]𤑫弩、傾向身聯搊在𡗉渃[[世界妸拉|妸拉]]、介政客美感𧡊𢗼怍衛瀾㳥擁護主義共産在各渃[[世界次𠀧]]。美勤𣎏關係同盟唄法底設立事斤凭唄飭孟𧵑搊曰於[[洲歐]]𡢐戰爭世界次𠄩。政府美迻𠚢[[説domino]]、遶𪦆美朱哴𡀮𠬠國家𠫾遶主義共産、各國家身方西吝近𠱊 "被砥𡃏"。自立論𪦆、美扒頭援助朱法𥪝局戰𢶢吏[[越盟]]（只渃[[越南民主共和]]）、𠬠組織／政權戶朱羅𣎏聯係唄聯搊吧中國。雖然𠓀𢆥1950、越南民主共和空得聯搊吧中國公認<ref>[http://www.mofa.gov.vn/vi/cn_vakv/ Thông tin cơ bản về các nước, khu vực và quan hệ với Việt Nam], Bộ Ngoại giao Việt Nam</ref>吧拱空認得事互助芾自𠄩渃呢。

遶材料樓𠄼角、政府美"''擁護願望獨立民族在東南亞"''𥪝𪦆𣎏越南、仍唄條件領導𧵑仍茹渃㵋空擁護主義共産、戶特别擁護役成立各"''[[茹渃非共産]]"''穩定𥪝區域接夾中國。遶[[説Domino]]、美互助各同盟在東南亞底𢶢吏各封嘲𦓡戶朱羅"''力量共産㦖統治洲亞𤲂𢢅𣞻民族。"''<ref name="pent5">[http://www.mtholyoke.edu/acad/intrel/pentagon/pent5.htm The Pentagon Papers, Chapter 2, "U.S. Involvement in the Franco-Viet Minh War, 1950-1955", MEMORANDUM FOR THE PRESIDENT - Harry S. Truman President], trích "Recognition by the United States of the three legally constituted governments of Vietnam, Laos' and Cambodia appears desirable and in accordance with United States foreign policy for several reasons. ''Among them are: encouragement to national aspirations under non-Communist leadership for peoples of colonial areas in Southeast Asia; the establishment of stable non-Communist governments in areas adjacent to Communist China''; ''support to a friendly country which is also a signatory to the North Atlantic Treaty; and as a demonstration of displeasure with Communist tactics which are obviously aimed at eventual domination of Asia, working under the guise of indigenous nationalism''."</ref>美束逐法讓部主義民族在越南、仍𩈘恪戶空體割援助朱法爲𠱊𠅍𠫾同盟𠓀仍媒𢗼𡘯欣在洲歐。縿吏、正冊𧵑美𪞍2𩈘空相釋：𠬠𩈘互助𠊛法戰勝𥪝局戰𢶢[[越盟]] - 卒一羅𤲂事指導𧵑美、𩈘恪美預見𡢐欺戰勝、𠊛法𠱊 - 𠬠革高哿 - 𪮊塊東洋。<ref>[http://www.mtholyoke.edu/acad/intrel/pentagon/pent5.htm The Pentagon Papers, Chapter 2, "U.S. Involvement in the Franco-Viet Minh War, 1950-1955"], Trích "''The U.S.-French ties in Europe (NATO, Marshall Plan, Mutual Defense Assistance Program) only marginally strengthened U.S. urgings that France make concessions to Vietnamese nationalism.'' Any leverage from these sources was severely limited by the broader considerations of U.S. policy for the containment of communism in Europe and Asia... To threaten France with economic and military sanctions in Europe in order to have it alter its policy in Indochina was, therefore, not plausible. Similarly, to reduce the level of military assistance to the French effort in Indochina would have been counter-productive, since it would have led to a further deterioration in the French military position there. ''In other words, there was a basic incompatibility in the two strands of U.S. policy: (1) Washington wanted France to fight the anti-communist war and win, preferably with U.S. guidance and advice; and (2) Washington expected the French, when battlefield victory was assured, to magnanimously withdraw from Indochina.''"</ref>

本身𠊛法拱顧𪟙𣍊飭底志𠃣拱𣎏𠬠"''𨇒脱名譽''"。𡢐失敗𧵑戰略''"打𪬭勝𪬭''".、底減𣼪壓力政治-軍事、法潭販唄[[保大]]吧仍政治家越南遶主義民族<ref>[https://www.mtholyoke.edu/acad/intrel/pentagon/pent5.htm The Pentagon Papers, Gravel Edition, Chapter 2, "U.S. Involvement in the Franco-Viet Minh War, 1950-1954"] (Boston: Beacon Press, 1971), page 53,59, trích: "''The French did, however, recognize the requirement for an alternative focus for Vietnamese nationalist aspirations, and from 1947 forward, advanced the "Bao Dai solution... Within a month, an emissary journeyed into the jungle to deliver to Ho Chi Minh's government demands tantamount to unconditional surrender. About the same time, French representatives approached Bao Dai, the former Emperor of Annam, with proposals that he undertake to form a Vietnamese government as an alternate to Ho Chi Minh's. Being unable to force a military resolution, and having foreclosed meaningful negotiations with Ho, the French turned to Bao Dai as their sole prospect for extrication from the growing dilemma in Vietnam.''""</ref>𣎏立場𢶢[[政府聯協國民|政府抗戰越南民主共和]]底成立[[國家越南]]屬[[聯協法]]。細𡳳戰爭、軍隊國家越南㐌發展𨖲細230.000軍、佔60%力量聯協法於東洋、<ref>Võ Nguyên Giáp: Điện Biên Phủ, điểm hẹn lịch sử, tr.35</ref> 得達𤲂權指揮𧵑相[[阮文馨]]。<ref>Dommen, Athur J. ''The Indochinese Exprience of the French and the Americans, Nationalism and Communism in Cambodia, Laos, and Vietnam''. Bloomington, IN: Đại học Indiana Press. Trang 196.</ref> 軍隊呢𠱊𧿨成檂榾𧵑[[軍力越南共和]]𡢐呢。<ref>[http://www.danchimviet.com/archives/9788 "Các lực lượng trong nước trong chiến tranh 1960-1975"]</ref>

𢆥1953、每𣎃、美援助朱法20.000進武器吧軍柔每𣎃、𡢐𪦆美同意曾𨖲100.000 進／𣎃、𢷮吏政府美要求法沛𣎏結果具體。<ref>Cecil B. Currey, Chiến thắng bằng mọi giá, trang 267 - 268, Nxb Thế giới, 2013</ref> 欺戰爭枕𠞹𠓨𢆥1954、美㐌呂78%戰費朱法、<ref>The Pentagon Papers, Chapter 2, "U.S. Involvement in the Franco-Viet Minh War, 1950-1955"</ref>甚至非工美拱參加戰鬥拱法𥪝[[戰役奠邊府|陣奠邊府]]。時間呢於畢哿各級部𥪝軍隊遠征法調𣎏顧問美。𠊛美𣎏體𦤾不據兜檢查情形空勤事執順𧵑總指揮法。役美直接參戰在[[戰爭東洋]]指群羅問題時間1-2𢆥。甚至欺奠邊府危急、美㐌併細傳用[[武器瞎人|呠原子]]底救危朱法。<ref>[http://vov.vn/The-gioi/Ho-so/My-dinh-dung-bom-hat-nhan-giai-cuu-Dien-Bien-Phu/260811.vov Mỹ định dùng bom hạt nhân giải cứu Điện Biên Phủ ]</ref>

雖然公式 ''"援助美、遠征法、軍本處"'' 吻空究挽得失敗。𡢐欺失敗在[[奠邊府]]、[[法]]㐌𠅍𪳨意志接俗戰鬥在東洋。<ref>Harry G. Summers, Jr., ''Historical Atlas of the Vietnam War''. New York: Houghton Mifflin, 1995. ISBN 0-395-72223-3</ref>

𠓀欺協約捈尔撝得寄結6巡、法㐌寄𫁅唄國家越南[[協約Matignon（1954）]]𠓨𣈜4/6/1954𡨌首相[[Joseph Laniel]]吧首相[[阮福寶祿]]公認國家越南完全獨立。政府呢𠱊空群被𢬥𢷏𤳸仍協約由法寄結。仍拱𣎏仍立論朱哴國家越南吻被𢬥𢷏𤳸協定捈尔撝、𤳸爲政府呢指础有𠬠𠄽屬併𧵑𠬠主權𪞅𨇜、吧特别羅伮輔屬𠓨法衛國防。<ref>[https://www.mtholyoke.edu/acad/intrel/pentagon/pent13.htm The Pentagon Papers Gravel Edition Volume 1, Chapter 5, "Origins of the Insurgency in South Vietnam, 1954-1960" (Boston: Beacon Press, 1971)] Trích: "''France, as the third party in Vietnam, then became pivotal to any political settlement, its executor for the West. But '''France had agreed to full independence for the GVN on ngày 4 tháng 6 năm 1954, nearly six weeks before the end of the Geneva Conference'''. By the terms of that June agreement, the GVN assumed responsibility for international contracts previously made on its behalf by France; but, there having been no reference to subsequent contracts, it was technically free of the Geneva Agreements. It has been argued to the contrary that the GVN was bound by Geneva because it possessed at the time few of the attributes of full sovereignty, and especially because it was dependent on France for defense.''".</ref> 同時、𥪝時間𡢐𪦆、意識得政府胡志明㐌認得事擁護𢌌待𧵑群眾、𪰂法拱𣎏仍𨀈𠫾𥆂達關係外交唄越南民主共和。<ref>Alfred McCoy. [http://www.drugtext.org/The-Politics-of-Heroin-in-Southeast-Asia/5-south-vietnam-narcotics-in-the-nations-service.html South Vietnam: Narcotics in the Nation's Service]. Trích dẫn: "''Convinced that Ho Chi Minh and the Communist Viet Minh were going to score an overwhelming electoral victory, the French began negotiating a diplomatic understanding with the government in Hanoi.''"</ref>

結果協定：[[軍隊人民越南]]、力量㐌掙勝利𡢐局戰、褶結衛沔北。力量[[國家越南]]共唄軍隊法褶結衛沔南。遶統計𧵑委班國際監察庭戰𣎏892.876民常遺居自沔北𠓨沔南越南<ref name="insurgency">[http://www.mtholyoke.edu/acad/intrel/pentagon/pent13.htm The Pentagon Papers - Volume 1, Chapter 5, "Origins of the Insurgency in South Vietnam, 1955-1960"]</ref>、𥪝欺140.000𠊛恪自沔南褶結𠚢北。軍隊法夤𥳄𪮊塊沔南吧掉權力朱政權國家越南。

𡗉茹史學䁛2局戰實質指羅1吧噲𪦆羅 ''"局戰𨑮𠦳𣈜"''、階段和平1955-1959實質指羅拯持暫時。遶[[Daniel Ellsberg]]、𣦍自頭伮㐌羅𠬠局戰𧵑美：班頭羅[[法]]吧美、𡢐𪦆美𪫶完全。𥪝哿𠄩場合、伮羅𠬠局鬥爭𧵑𠊛越南 - 𠶢空沛羅畢哿[[𠊛越]] - 仍拱𨇜底維持局戰鬥𢶢吏武器、顧問朱細君遠征𧵑美<ref>Daniel Ellsberg trong cuốn Secrets: A Memoir of Vietnam and the Pentagon Papers, Viking, 2002, p.255: ''Không làm gì có chiến tranh Đông Dương thứ nhất và thứ nhì, chỉ có một cuộc xung đột nối tiếp trong một phần tư thế kỷ. Dùng ngôn từ thực tế, đứng về một phía (Mỹ), ngay từ đầu nó đã là một cuộc chiến của Mỹ: mới đầu là Pháp-Mỹ, sau đến toàn là Mỹ. Trong cả hai trường hợp, nó là một cuộc đấu tranh của người Việt Nam – không phải là tất cả người Việt Nam nhưng cũng đủ để duy trì cuộc đấu tranh – chống chính sách của Mỹ và những kinh viện, ủy nhiệm, kỹ thuật gia, hỏa lực, và cuối cùng, quân đội và phi công, của Mỹ.''</ref>。遶Alfred McCoy、𥆾吏仍正册𧵑美𡢐欺協定捈尔撝得寄結、仍材料五角臺㐌結論哴 "''南越南𡗅基本羅𠬠𤎜造𧵑花旗''" ："''空𣎏美互助時艷候如質振空體鞏顧權力於沔南 越𥪝時期1955-1956。空𣎏美𠴓 𡃏乾帖、南越南空體自嚉甚至哿役討論衛局總選舉𢆥1956遶協定捈尔撝𦓡空備力量武装𧵑越盟勒覩。空𣎏援助美𥪝仍𠄼接遶時製度艷吧𪤍獨立𧵑南越南候如拱空體芾存在得。''"<ref>Alfred McCoy. [http://www.drugtext.org/The-Politics-of-Heroin-in-Southeast-Asia/5-south-vietnam-narcotics-in-the-nations-service.html South Vietnam: Narcotics in the Nation's Service]. Trích dẫn: "''Looking back on America's postGeneva policies from the vantage point of the mid 1960s, the Pentagon Papers concluded that South Vietnam "was essentially the creation of the United States": "Without U.S. support Diem almost certainly could not have consolidated his hold on the South during 1955 and 1956. Without the threat of U.S. intervention, South Vietnam could not have refused to even discuss the elections called for in 1956 under the Geneva settlement without being immediately overrun by Viet Minh armies. Without U.S. aid in the years following, the Diem regime certainly, and independent South Vietnam almost as certainly, could not have survived."''"</ref> 尙議士（𡢐羅總統美）John F. Kennedy時宣佈： ''"伮（越南共和）羅𡥵𤯿𧵑眾些。眾些空體自𠬃奴"''。<ref>Robert S.Mc.Namara: Nhìn lại quá khứ. Tấn thảm kịch và những bài học Việt Nam, Nxb Chính trị quốc gia, Hà Nội, 1995, tr.43-44.</ref>