䀡碼源𧵑成員:Illuminaence

[[Tập tin:CollageFisica.jpg|300px|thumb|𠬠數現象，應用吧領域研究𧵑物理學. 自𨑗，邊債蹺朝針銅壺:<br>1. [[曲射]]<br>2. 𣈢[[laser]]<br>3. [[輕氣球]]<br>4. [[打𢮿|𡥵𢮿]]<br>5. [[機學古典|撝𪮻空彈回]]<br>6. [[機學量子|原子Hydro]]<br>7. [[𠰏Hydro]]<br>8. [[𣈢𩂶]]<br>9. 𡧲: [[天河]] [[UDF 423]]]]

'''物理學'''咍'''物理'''（噲𤎕羅「理」）[[㗂英]]： physics，[[自㗂希臘古]]：φύσις固義羅見識𧗱自然）羅𠬠門[[科學自然]]集中𠓨事研究[[物質]]<ref name="feynman2">[[Richard Feynman]]𢲫頭𥪝 [[The Feynman Lectures on Physics|捲「'''排講''' ]𧵑翁]]𧗱 [[Nguyên tử|假說原子]]，貝發表𠦯衮一𧵑翁𧗱𤗆智識科學：「裊固𠬠慘禍𦓡𤗆見識[[科學]]被破毀，吧衆些只得法傳徠𠬠句抵賴朱世系將來…，丕時句芇仕貯𡗉通信貝𠃣自一？碎信哴妬羅…「𤗆次固構造自原子—仍籺𡮈轉動永久，唿悋僥欺衆唏𨖨賒僥，扔徠𢩽僥欺搌衆徠…''" {{chú thích báo|isbn=0-201-02116-1|author=R.P. Feynman, R.B. Leighton, M. Sands|year=1963|title=[[The Feynman Lectures on Physics]]|volume=1|page=I-2}}</ref>吧[[轉動]]𧵑伮𥪝[[空間]]吧[[時間]]、共貝仍概念連關如[[能量]]吧[[力]]。<ref>{{Chú thích báo|url=http://books.google.com/?id=noRgWP0_UZ8C&printsec=titlepage&dq=matter+and+motion|isbn=0-486-66895-9|author=J.C. Maxwell|year=1878|title=Matter and Motion|page=9|publisher=D. Van Nostrand|quote=科學物理羅𠬠庫藏見識連關𦤾次堛𥪝自然，咍蹺格恪，𦤾程序𧵑各事件侈𠚢.}}</ref>物理學羅𠬠𥪝仍部門[[科學]]𥹰󠄁𠁀一、貝目的尋曉事[[運動]]𧵑[[宇宙]]。<ref>{{chú thích báo|isbn=|author=H.D. Young, R.A. Freedman|year=2004|edition=11 |title=University Physics with Modern Physics|page=2|publisher=[[Addison Wesley]]|quote=物理羅梗科學''寔驗''。各茹物理觀察各現象𥪝自然吧固尋𠚢仍本質吧原理隱𢖖󠄁每現象尼。仍原理尼屬𧗱各理說物理、欺衆得確立吧使用𢌌𠸤、衆𠭤成各定律物理。}}</ref><ref>{{chú thích báo|url=http://books.google.com.vn/books/about/Physics_For_Dummies.html?id=FrRNO6t51DMC&redir_esc=y|isbn=0-470-61841-8|author=S. Holzner|year=2006|title=Physics for Dummies|page=7|publisher=[[John Wiley & Sons|Wiley]]|quote=物理研究世界𧵑伴吧世界拱如宇宙衝𨒺伴。}}</ref><ref>注意：術語''宇宙''吶𦤾𤗆寔體存在客觀：全部空間吧時間、𤗆樣物質、能量吧動量、吧各定律物理拱如各恆數支配衆。對欺術語''宇宙固体曉蹺格恪、伮𠯅𦤾[[宇宙|宇宙學 ]]咍世界哲學。^</ref>


物理羅𠬠𥪝仍梗翰林𣋽一、吧固𨤰羅𣋽一欺併終貝[[天文學]]。𥪝𠄩千年紀𣃣過、物理羅𠬠份𧵑[[哲學自然]]共貝[[化學]]、𠄧蘔具體𧵑[[算學]]吧[[生學]]、扔𥪝局[[革命科學]]扒頭自世紀XVII、各門[[科學自然]]浽𬨠如各梗研究𥢆獨立貝僥。物理學交僥貝𡗉領域研究連門梗恪僥、如[[物理生學]]吧[[化學量子]]、界限𧵑物理拱空𤑟𤉜。各發現㵋𥪝物理常解釋仍機制基本𧵑各門科學恪同時𢲫𠚢仍向研究㵋𥪝各領域如[[算學]]或[[哲學]]。

物理學拱固仍㨂𢵰關重過事進步各[[工藝]]㵋達得由仍發見理說𥪝物理。譬喻、事進步𥪝曉別𧗱[[電磁學]]或[[物理籺仁]]㐌直接引𦤾事發明吧發展仍產品㵋、𠊝𢷮當計部𩈘社會𣈜𫢩、如[[司微]]、[[𣛠微併]]、[[laser]]、[[印絲涅]]、各[[設備家用]]、咍羅[[武器籺仁]]；仍進步𥪝[[熱動力學]]引𬧐事發展[[革命工業]]；吧事發展𧵑梗[[機學]]促𢩽事發展[[法併微積分]]。

== 歷史 ==
[[Tập tin:GodfreyKneller-IsaacNewton-1689.jpg|thumb|left|upright|[[Isaac Newton|Sir Isaac Newton]] (1643–1727)]]
[[Tập tin:Einstein1921 by F Schmutzer 2.jpg|thumb|upright|[[Albert Einstein]] (1879–1955)]]
[[Tập tin:Max Planck (Nobel 1918).jpg|thumb|right|upright|[[Max Planck]] (1858–1947)]]

[['''哲學自然''']]連結得提及𦤾𥪝𡗉𡋂文明恪僥。𥪝階段650𠓀公元–480𠓀公元、欺各茹哲學希臘𠓀[[Sokrates]]如[[Thales]]反對格解釋[[主觀維意志]]朱各現象自然吧翁朱哴𤗆事件沛固原因自[[自然]]<ref>Singer, C. ''A Short History of Science to the 19th century.'' Streeter Press, 2008. p. 35.</ref>。𣱆提出𠚢仍意想𠁪理解各觀察吧現象、吧𡗉假說𧵑𣱆㐌得證明成功憑試驗、譬喻如[[原子論]]。<ref>{{chú thích báo
|title=Early Greek Science: Thales to Aristotle
|url=https://archive.org/details/earlygreekscienc00gerl
|last=Lloyd
|first=Geoffrey
|pages=[https://archive.org/details/earlygreekscienc00gerl/page/108 108]–109
|publisher=Chatto and Windus; W. W. Norton & Company
|location=Luân Đôn; New York
|year=1970
|isbn=0-393-00583-6}}</ref> ví dụ như [[nguyên tử#Nguyên tử luận|Nguyên tử luận]].

[['''物理古典''']]𠭤成科學𥢆欺𠊛洲歐近代使用各方法寔驗吧定量𠁪發現𠚢各規律𦓡𣈜𫢩噲羅各[[定律物理]]。<ref>{{chú thích báo|last=Ben-Chaim |first=Michael |author-link= |year=2004 |publication-date=2004 |title=Experimental Philosophy and the Birth of Empirical Science: Boyle, Locke and Newton |url=https://archive.org/details/experimentalphil0000benc |edition= |place= |publication-place=Aldershot |publisher=Ashgate |isbn=0-7546-4091-4 |oclc=53887772}}</ref><ref>{{chú thích báo|last=Weidhorn |first=Manfred |title=The Person of the Millennium: The Unique Impact of Galileo on World History |url=https://archive.org/details/personofmillenni0000weid |year=2005 |publisher=iUniverse |isbn=0-595-36877-8 |page=[https://archive.org/details/personofmillenni0000weid/page/155 155]}} Weidhorn Introduces Galili as the "father of modern Physics"</ref>[[Johannes Kepler]]、[[Galileo Galilei]]吧[[Isaac Newton]]㐌發現吧統一𡗉定律轉動恪僥。<ref>Guicciardini, Niccolò (1999), Reading the Principia: The Debate on Newton's Methods for Natural Philosophy from 1687 to 1736, New York: Cambridge University Press.</ref>𥪝時間演𠚢局革命工業、欺𦓡各設備懃消受𡗉能量欣、由丕各茹物理㐌進行研究吧發現𠚢仍定律㵋𧵑[[熱動力學]]、[[化學]]吧[[電磁學]]。

[['''物理現代''']]包𠁟說量子由[[Max Planck]]開生吧[[Albert Einstein]]貝說相對、吧仍𠊛先鋒𥪝機學量子如[[Werner Heisenberg]]、[[Erwin Schrödinger]]、[[Paul Dirac]]吧窒𡗉茹科學𡘯恪。

===哲學物理===
蹺𡗉格、物理學扒源自哲學希臘古代。自仍固𠡚頭先𧵑[[Thales]]𠁪分類物質、朱𦤾立論𧵑[[Democritus]]𧗱物質構造𤳸仍籺𡮈空体分𢺹得、[[模型地心𧵑Ptolemy]]𥪝妬匏𡗶羅𠃅𡴉𭉪、吧𦤾捲冊「'''物理'''」𧵑[[Aristotle]]（𠬠𥪝仍捲冊頭先𧗱物理、貝內容模寫吧分析各轉動蹺觀點哲學）、吧𡗉茹哲學希臘恪㐌自發展仍理說恪僥𧗱自然。物理得䁛羅𠬠梗𧵑哲學自然朱𦤾盡𡳳世紀XVIII。

朱𦤾世紀XIX、物理㐌剒𠚢𠺌哲學吧𠭤成𠬠梗科學𥢆。物理、拱如各梗科學恪、澦𨑗哲學𧵑科學抵迻𠚢仍描寫符合朱方法科學。[[方法科學]]壓用理論「[[先驗]]」吧「[[後驗]]」吧使用[[推論Bayes]]𥪝妬各觀察咍憑證得用抵及日或推論𠚢確率朱役䀡察𠬠假說固体羅倲咍空。

事發展𧵑物理學㐌𫼳徠句㨋𠳒朱𡗉句𠳨𧵑各茹哲學𠓀低、扔拱撻𠚢𡗉句𠳨㵋。各問題𧵑哲學𥪝物理、哲學𧵑物理、包𠁟本質𧵑[[空間]]吧[[時間]]、[[決定論]]、吧仍理說抽象如[[主義經驗]]、[[主義自然]]吧[[寔在論]]。

𡗉茹物理拱㐌𢪏𧗱意義哲學𥪝各工程𧵑𣱆、如[[Laplace]]、𠊛迻𠚢學說決定論因果、吧[[Erwin Schrödinger]]、欺翁𢪏𧗱意義寔在𧵑[[機學量子]]。[[Stephen Hawking]]㐌噲茹算理[[Roger Penrose]]羅𠊛蹺主義Plato。𥪝討論於捲冊𧵑Penrose、「'''The Road to Reality'''」。Hawking䁛Penrose羅「𠊛蹺主義簡略空別𦤾醜𢜜」吧空同情貝仍觀點𧵑Penrose。


== 仍理說骨𣑳==

嚜怞物理包含窒𡗉現象𥪝自然、扔各茹物理只懃𠬠數理說抵描寫仍現象尼。仍理說尼空仍得檢查憑寔驗窒𡗉吝貝結果倲𢵸𠯽𥪝仍範圍一定𦓡𡀳𫼳徠𡗉應用朱社會。譬喻、機學古典描寫正確轉動𧵑仍物偉模𡘯欣[[原子]]𡗉吝吧移轉貝運速𡮈欣𡗉[[速度映𤏬]]。仍理說尼吻𡀳得研究壓用朱𬧐𣈜𫢩、吧𠬠蘔𧵑機學古典羅[[理說混亂]]㵋只形成自世紀XX、𠀧世紀𢖖󠄁欺機學古典𠚢𠁀自仍工程𧵑[[Isaac Newton]]（1642–1727）。

仍理說中心尼羅工具關重朱研究仍問題具體、吧對貝不期茹物理芇、空計𣱆關心𬧐領域研究芇、拱調得學仍理說尼於場大學。衆包𠁟[[機學古典]]、[[機學量子]]、[[熱動力學]]吧[[機學統計]]、[[電磁學]]、吧[[說相對狹]]。

===物理古典===
[[Tập tin:Triple expansion engine animation.gif|right|thumb|明畫動機唏渃𠀧階段.]]
[[物理古典]]包𠁟仍蘔吧主題傳統㐌得公認吧發展完善𠓀世紀XX—[[機學古典]]、[[音學]]、[[光學]]、[[熱動力學]]、吧[[電磁學]]。

[[機學古典]]研究物體𠹾作用𧵑[[力]]拱如狀態轉動𧵑衆；吧固体𢺹𠚢成門[[靜學]]（研究狀態𨅸安𧵑物）、[[動學]]（研究轉動𧵑物𦓡空察𬧐原因𨠳𠚢轉動）、吧[[動力學]]（研究轉動吧力影響𬨠物）；[[機學]]拱固体𢺹成各門[[機學物𰧄]]吧[[機學質流]]（𪥘󠄁𠄩門尼屬𧗱機學媒場連續）、吧機學質流固仍蘔𡥵如[[水靜學]]、[[水動力學]]、[[氣動力學]]、吧[[氣搌學]]（pneumatics）。

[[音學]]、梗研究[[音聲]]、𦓡各茹物理常䁛羅𠬠蘔𧵑機學𤳸爲音聲羅由轉動𧵑各籺咍分子𥪝空氣或𥪝媒場恪𨠳𠚢[[㳥音]]吧由妬固体解釋蹺各定律𧵑機學。𠬠𥪝仍蘔關重𧵑音學羅[[超音學]]、研究㳥超音貝頻數高欣頻數𦖑𧵑𡥵𠊛。

[[光學]]、部門研究轉動𧵑[[映𤏬]]、空仍只研究映𤏬可見𦓡𡀳包𠁟[[輻射紅外]]吧[[紫外]]、𦓡固性質相似如映𤏬外除[[眜]]𠊛空体𧡊得、如性[[反射]]、[[曲射]]、[[交捘]]、[[擾射]]、[[分極]]吧擴散映𤏬。

[[熱量]]羅𠬠樣[[能量]]預貯𥪝物質𢘾𠓨轉動熱混亂𧵑各籺構造𢧚物質；[[熱動力]]學研究各䋦聯繫𡧲熱量吧仍樣能量恪或貝各概念如[[entropy]]吧門尼固聯繫密切貝[[機學統計]]。

[[電學]]吧[[磁學]]𠭤成𠬠梗𥢆𧵑物理計自仍勘破㵋連關𦤾衆𠓨頭世紀XIX；貝規律[[𣳔電]]𧼋過絏引生𠚢[[磁場]]吧𠬠磁場變𢷮生𠚢𣳔電感應。[[靜電學]]研究各籺[[電積]]𨅸安、[[電動力]]學研究行處𧵑各電積轉動、吧[[靜磁學]]研究各極磁𨅸安、如[[南針]]。<ref>{{chú thích web |url=http://curiosity.discovery.com/question/classical-physics |title=What is classical physics? |publisher=Science Channel |author=Staff |date=2011 |access-date=ngày 23 tháng 4 năm 2013 |archive-date=2012-06-16 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120616014254/http://curiosity.discovery.com/question/classical-physics |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{chú thích web |url=http://www.thegreatcourses.com/tgc/courses/course_detail.aspx?cid=1295 |title=Great Ideas of Classical Physics (''course'') |author=Steven Pollock |work=University of Colorado at Boulder |publisher=thegreatcourses.com |date=ngày 10 tháng 8 năm 2009 |access-date =ngày 24 tháng 4 năm 2013 }}</ref>

===物理現代===
[[Tập tin:Solvay conference 1927.jpg|thumb|trái|[[會議Solvay]]𢆥1927，貝事參加𧵑各茹物理浽㗂如[[Albert Einstein]]，[[Werner Heisenberg]]，[[Max Planck]]，[[Hendrik Lorentz]]，[[Niels Bohr]]，[[Marie Curie]]，[[Erwin Schrödinger]]吧[[Paul Dirac]]。]]

物理古典吶終研究物質吧轉動於範圍𦓡𡥵𠊛固体觀察吧接近恆𣈜、𥪝欺[[物理現代]]研究行狀𧵑物質吧相作於仍曠隔微模吧偉模。譬喻、[[物理原子]]吧[[籺仁]]研究物質於級度微模𦓡在妬各[[元素化學]]得分類𠬠格基本。物理籺基本研究於曠隔𡮈欣𡛤𧗱仍成份基本一𧵑物質；蘔物理尼拱得噲羅物理能量高𤳸爲各茹科學使用[[𣛠加速]]朱各籺固能量高撝𪮻𠓨僥抵尋曉行狀吧性質𧵑籺基本。於簜曠隔微模尼、仍概念通常蹺直覺恆𣈜空𡀳倲𡛤。

𠄩理說柱榾𧵑物理現代描寫各概念𧗱空間、時間吧物質恪貝幅幀描寫𧵑物理古典。[[機學量子]]描寫各籺𨖨𫄈、本質𧵑𡗉效應級原子吧下原子、支配𤳸[[原理不定]]吧[[兩性㳥籺]]。[[說相對]]描寫各現象侈𠚢𥪝仍[[系規照]]恪僥轉動𬧺貝𠊛觀察；𥪝妬[[說相對狹]]描寫各系規照轉動慣性吧[[說相對總括]]描寫系規照轉動加速吧[[相作吸引]]羅由度𢏣𧵑空時間。𪥘󠄁理說量子吧說相對調固𡗉應用𥪝𤗆梗𧵑物理現代吧𥪝𠁀𤯩恆𣈜如[[laser]]、[[𣛠併]]或[[GPS]]…

===事恪僥𡧲物理古典吧物理現代===
[[Tập tin:Modernphysicsfields.svg|thumb|350px|left|各領域基本𧵑物理]]

𥪝欺物理學向𦤾發現𠚢仍定律總括描寫吧解釋各現象、時各理說𧵑伮壓用吧倲朱仍範圍具體。吶𠬠格𠦯衮、各定律𧵑物理古典描寫正確仍系統固曠隔𡘯欣簜𢵋[[原子]]吧轉動貝運速窒𡮈𬧺貝[[速度映𤏬]]。邊外範圍尼、仍觀察寔驗空𡀳倲貝先斷𧵑機學古典。[[Albert Einstein]]㨂𢵰𠓨𣟂𥿍𧵑[[說相對狹]]、𠊝替𠬠空間吧時間絕對憑[[空時間]]附屬𠓨速度𧵑系規照吧描寫正確仍系固運速𢵸𠯽速度映𤏬。[[Max Planck]]、[[Erwin Schrödinger]]、吧仍茹科學恪開破[[機學量子]]、貝概念分布確率連關𦤾各性質𧵑籺拱如相作𢭂𢷮𡧲衆吧理說描寫𠬠格正確行狀𧵑世界原子吧轄下原子。𢖖󠄁妬、[[理說場量子]]統一[[機學量子]]吧[[說相對狹]]描寫各籺微模轉動近吧平憑速度映𤏬。[[說相對𢌌]]總括說相對狹、描寫空時間𢏣固性動力吧附屬𠓨事固𩈘吧性質𧵑物質、伮描寫仍物體塊量𡘯吧構築偉模𧵑全宇宙拱如先斷符合貝寔驗𧗱事進化𧵑宇宙。各茹物理理說吻𣗓統一得說相對總括描寫場吸引貝𠀧相作基本描寫𤳸機學量子：[[相作猛]]、[[相作𪽳]]吧[[相作電磁]]；吧𠬠𠄧理說𧗱[[吸引量子]]㐌得提出。<ref>{{chú thích web |title=Relativity and the quantum |url=http://www.einstein-online.info/elementary/quantum |work=Max Planck Instituts für Gravitationsphysik (Albert Einstein Institut) |author=Markus Pössel |date=ngày 12 tháng 10 năm 2011 |access-date=ngày 24 tháng 1 năm 2016 |archive-date=2013-05-11 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130511073528/http://www.einstein-online.info/elementary/quantum |url-status=dead }}</ref>

==聯繫貝仍領域恪==
[[Tập tin:Pahoeoe fountain original.jpg|thumb|嚨[[溶岩]]噴𠚢形[[parabol]]—明畫應用𧵑[[算學]]𠓨物理，𥪝場合尼羅定律淶自由𧵑Galileo。]]
[[Tập tin:Physics and other sciences.png|thumb|left|算學吧[[本體論]]得使用𥪝物理。物理學得使用𥪝化學吧宇宙學。]]
===前提===
算學羅言語抵描寫𠬠格衮強吧[[logic]]次堛𥪝自然、特別羅各定律𧵑物理。條尼得注意吧擁護𤳸[[Pythagoras]]、<ref>{{chú thích web |url=http://books.google.com.vn/books/about/The_Mechanization_of_the_World_Picture.html?id=TP1gQgAACAAJ&redir_esc=y |title=Dijksterhuis (1986) The mechanization of the world picture: Pythagoras to Newton |publisher=Princeton University Press |date=ngày 27 tháng 2 năm 2002 |access-date =ngày 15 tháng 6 năm 2013}}</ref> [[Plato]]，<ref>{{chú thích web |title=The story of mathematics |url=http://www.storyofmathematics.com/greek_plato.html |quote=嚜怞𣈜𫢩𠊛些𢖵𦤾翁如羅𠬠茹哲學、Plato拱羅𠬠𥪝仍𠊛擁護算學關重一𧵑希臘古代。促𢩽𤳸Pythagoras、翁立𠚢院翰林於Athens𢆥387𠓀公元、坭翁扨猛算學羅工具關重抵曉寔在。特別、翁結論哴形學羅匙銙解碼仍秘隱𧵑宇宙。表象邊𨑗𨶛𠓨𧵑院翰林𥱬：『空朱法埃否認形學𨀈過低』}}</ref> [[Galileo Galilei|Galileo]]，<ref>「哲學得𢪏𠚢𥪝仍捲冊𡘯扔徠𬐸嚉𡥵眜衆些。意碎羅宇宙、爲衆些空体曉伮裊頭先衆些空學言語吧捻扒得仍記號𢪏𠚢憑算學。卷冊尼𢪏蹺言語算學、吧記號】羅仍三角、形圇吧仍形恪、裊空固衆𡥵𠊛空体曉只憑詞語、吧空固衆衆些𥞖如𠬠𠊛𠫾落𥪝迷宮𣋁。」 – [[Galileo Galilei]] (1623), ''The Assayer''，摘引𤳸 G. Toraldo Di Francia (1976), ''The Investigation of the Physical World'' ISBN 0-521-29925-X p.10</ref>吧[[Isaac Newton|Newton]]。
各理說物理使用言語算學<ref>{{chú thích web |url=http://www.math.niu.edu/~rusin/known-math/index/tour_sci.html |title=Applications (Mathematics) to the sciences |publisher=Math.niu.edu |date=ngày 25 tháng 1 năm 2000 |access-date=ngày 30 tháng 1 năm 2012 |archive-date=1999-02-03 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/19990203003145/http://www.math.niu.edu/~rusin/known-math/index/tour_sci.html |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref name="Feynman2">{{chú thích sách |title=The character of physical laws |url=https://archive.org/details/characterofphysi0000feyn_d1r6 |pages=Chương 2: The relation of mathematics and physics |author=Richard Feynman |publisher=Modern Library |date=1994 |isbn=978-0679601272 }}</ref>抵認得仍公式正確描寫各代量物理、收得仍驗正確咍仍價值約量吧先斷仍係果。仍結果試驗咍寔驗𧵑物理調表現憑價值數。仍工藝澦𨑗算學吧𣛠併、如[[科學併算]]㐌迻梗[[物理併算]]𠭤成領域𡗉展望。<ref>
{{chú thích sách
| title=Computational Physics
| url=https://archive.org/details/computationalphy0000thij
| first=Joseph
| last=Thijssen
| year=2007
| publisher=Cambridge University Press
| isbn=0521833469 }}
</ref>
<ref>
{{chú thích tạp chí
| title=Physical and Relativistic Numerical Cosmology
| url=http://relativity.livingreviews.org/Articles/lrr-1998-2/
| first=Peter
| last=Anninos
| year=1998
| doi=10.12942/lrr-1998-2
| publisher=Living Review Relativity }}
</ref>

[[Tập tin:Mathematical Physics and other sciences.png|thumb|事恪別𡧲算學吧物理學對欺空𤑟𤉜，特別𥪝梗算理。]]

[[本體論]]羅𠬠理說先決朱物理學、扔空沛朱算學。條妬固義羅物理完全只模寫世界寔在、𥪝欺算學發展迻𠚢𡗉梗抽象、甚至越𠺌範圍世界寔。由丕仍發表物理𫼳性綜合、𥪝欺各發表算學𫼳性分析。算學貯仍前提吧假說、𥪝欺物理學澦𨑗仍定律、各原理基本吧工具算學。各發表算學只懃妥滿𧗱𩈘[[logic]]、𥪝欺各先斷𧵑發表物理沛符合貝與料觀察吧寔驗。

事恪別𡧲𠄩科學羅𤑟𤉜、扔空沛𣅶芇拱丕。譬喻、梗物理算壓用各工具算學𠓨物理。方法研究𧵑伮憑算學、扔各對象關心屬𧗱物理學。<ref>{{chú thích web |title=Focus and Coverage |url=http://scitation.aip.org/content/aip/journal/jmp |quote=應用𧵑算學𠓨各問題物理吧事發展各方法適合朱仍應用吧理說物理。定義自雜誌|publisher=Journal of Mathematical Physics |author=Staff |access-date=ngày 25 tháng 4 năm 2013 |archive-date=2013-11-21 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131121063950/http://scitation.aip.org/content/aip/journal/jmp |url-status=bot: unknown }}</ref>問題𥪝梗尼扒頭憑「模型化算學𠬠系物理」吧「描寫各定律物理憑算學」。每發表算學朱每𠳒解常𠸋尋得意義物理𥪝妬。𠳒解算學𡳳窮沛體現意義物理𠬠格易曉欣𤳸伮羅條𦓡𠊛𦄂當尋。

物理羅𠬠梗科學基本、空沛羅[[科學應用]]。伮羅「科學基本」𤳸爲領域研究𧵑𤗆梗[[科學自然]]如化學、天文學、地質學、生學…調被支配𤳸各[[定律物理]]。譬喻、化學研究性質、構築吧[[反應]]𧵑物質（化學集中研究簜原子吧分子）。仍構築吧合質化學形成吧遵蹺[[相作電磁]]、拱如各定律保全能量、塊量吧電積。

===應用吧影響===
[[Tập tin:Erdfunkstelle Raisting 2.jpg|thumb|200px|𠬠{{r|𣺻鎆|ăng ten}}於站收發信號衛星。]]
[[Tập tin:Lasertests.jpg|thumb|200px|應用𧵑laser.]]
物理應用羅𠬠梗研究壓用物理學朱目的吧要求𧵑𡥵𠊛。物理應用常貯𠬠𠄧領域物理理說、如[地質學]咍[[技術電]]。梗尼常恪貝梗技術於𡊲茹物理應用空𠳾設計𠬠設備之㵋、𦓡𣱆使用見識物理抵寔現各研究互助朱仍工藝㵋或解決𠬠問題技術芇妬。<ref>{{chú thích web |url=http://scitation.aip.org/content/aip/journal/jap |title=Journal of Applied Physics |publisher=American Institute of Physics |access-date =ngày 25 tháng 4 năm 2013 }}</ref>

格接近尼𥞖貝[[算學應用]]。各茹物理應用拱關心格應用物理朱研究科學。譬喻、仍技師參加設計吧運行[[𣛠加速]]常固目的㨢高效能活動𧵑𣛠𪭴籺𠁪服務朱物理理說。

物理技術澦𡗉𠓨基礎物理學。譬喻、[[機學物𰧄]]、[[機學𡐙]]吧[[機學結構]]…羅理說𡋂磉朱各技師設計工程𡏦𥩯。部門物理建築包𠁟理說𧗱[[音學]]、[[映𤏬]]、[[熱]]…𢴇設計工程𠬠格最優、𢶢㗂嗢、㨢高可能格熱吧布置畑照𤏬效果。梗[[氣動力學]]𢴇各技師航空設計[[𣛠𢒎]]卒欣拱如寔現各模倣𠓀欺朱產出行刷。𥪝領域解智、形影司微吧𣛠併達準涅高羅𢘾[[工藝nano]]吧[[電子學]]…

多數各茹物理現𫢩執認哴各定律物理拱如各恆數物理羅普括吧空𠊝𢷮蹺時間、由丕仍應用物理固体壓用𥪝𡗉情況假定𠓀吧於𡗉坭𨑗地球。譬喻、𥪝研究𧗱[[歷史𬃻𡐙]]、各茹科學固体模型化[[塊量]]、[[熱度]]、[[速度]]自𢮿…𧵑行星蹺時間進化𧵑伮。物理學拱𫼳徠仍進展空凝𧵑事發展各工藝㵋、減少消受能量、節儉物料拱如支費產出。

拱固仍梗研究綜合自𡗉領域恪僥𥪝妬固物理學、如物理經濟（econophysics）咍物理社會（sociophysics）。

== 研究 ==

===方法科學===
各茹物理使用各[[方法科學]]抵檢證𠬠[[理說物理]]羅倲咍駁𠬃伮、使用格接近方式論𠁪𬧺𠁔結果先斷𧵑理說貝仍價值收得自試驗咍觀測檢證伮；吧由丕互助各茹科學𠫾𦤾決定理說妬羅倲𥪝𠬠範圍一定咍沛𤄹𠬃伮吧𠫾尋𠬠理說恪理解各結果寔驗。

𠬠定律科學羅𠬠發表畜積或體現𨑜[[公式算學]]聯繫各[[代量]]𥪝𠬠原理基本𧵑理說、如[[定律萬物吸引𧵑[[Newton]]。<ref>{{chú thích sách|last=Honderich|first=edited by Ted|title=The Oxford companion to philosophy|url=https://archive.org/details/cambridgehandboo00morr|year=1995|publisher=Oxford University Press|location=Oxford|isbn=0-19-866132-0|edition=1 |pages=[https://archive.org/details/cambridgehandboo00morr/page/n469 474]–476}}</ref>

===理說吧寔驗===
[[Tập tin:Bruce McCandless II during EVA in 1984.jpg|thumb|right|200px|[[茹遊行宇宙]]吧[[𬃻𡐙]]𥪝狀態[[淶自由]]。]]
[[Tập tin:Lightning cloud to cloud (aka).jpg|thumb|left|250px|[[𣈢𩂶]]羅現象[[𣳔電|放電]]𡧲𠄩漨電壓。]]
各茹物理向𬧐發展仍[[模型算學]]空仍妥滿結果𧵑仍試驗㐌固𦓡𡀳先斷成功仍結果㵋咍仍現象㵋；<ref>{{chú thích web |url=http://www.superstringtheory.com/basics/basic1.html |title=What is theoretical physics? |author=Patricia Schwarz |publisher=Caltech |date=2012 |access-date=ngày 1 tháng 5 năm 2013 |archive-date=2008-10-07 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081007215605/http://www.superstringtheory.com/basics/basic1.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> 𥪝欺妬各茹物理寔驗空仍設計吧擸撻仍試驗檢證結果理說𦓡𣱆𡀳寔現仍試驗㵋朱結果空符合貝仍理說現在或發現𠚢現象咍效應㵋。嚜怞理說吧寔驗得發展剒別僥、衆徠附屬猛𠓨悋僥。<ref name="Feynman2"/>事進展𧵑物理學常𨀈𨖅章㵋欺各茹寔驗發現𠚢仍現象㵋、或欺𠬠理說㵋先斷結果𦓡各茹寔驗固体寔現得各試驗檢證𫼳徠結果擁護理說㵋。<ref name="EinsteinInfeld1971">{{chú thích sách|authors=Albert Einstein; Leopold Infeld|title=The Evolution of Physics: The Growth of Ideas from Early Concepts to Relativity and Quanta|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=rSg4AAAAIAAJ&pg=PA92|access-date =ngày 25 tháng 4 năm 2013|year=1971|publisher=CUP Archive|isbn=978-0-521-09687-4|pages=92–}}</ref>

拱固仍茹物理研究𨑗𪥘󠄁𠄩範圍理說吧寔驗、茹現象學、𣱆開破仍結果試驗複雜吧尋格聯繫衆貝理說基礎。

𧗱𩈘歷史、物理理說固感興出發自哲學；如電磁學得統一自觀點哲學。<ref>Xem, ví dụ, sự ảnh hưởng của [[Immanuel Kant|Kant]] và [[Johann Wilhelm Ritter|Ritter]] về khám phá của [[Hans Christian Ørsted|Oersted]].</ref>外仍現象㐌別𥪝宇宙、領域物理理說拱撻𠚢仍假說、譬喻假說[[宇宙雙雙]]、𠬠宇宙固𡗉欣3朝空間。各茹李說迻𠚢仍假說如丕抵希望解決得仍問題𫘲斧𥪝物理學。𢖖󠄁妬𣱆勘破𠚢仍係果𧵑假說吧尋檢仍結果先斷𧵑伮𦓡固体檢證得。

物理寔驗𫼳徠基礎吧通信拱如認徠自梗[[技術]]吧[[工藝]]。各茹物理寔驗參加𠓨仍研究基本𠁪設計吧寔現各試驗貝各設備先進如[[𣛠加速]]籺吧[[laser]]、拱如𣱆參加𠓨研究應用𥪝工業、發展各工藝㵋如[[𠌷影共享磁]]（MRI）吧設計[[transistor]]吧[[微脈]]。茹物理理說[[Feynman]]曾吶哴各茹寔驗常適𫜵試驗𨑗仍範圍𣗓得曉卒𤳸各茹理說。<ref>{{chú thích sách |last=Feynman |first=Richard |authorlink=Richard Feynman |title=The Character of Physical Law |year=1965 |isbn=0-262-56003-8 |pages=tr.157 |quote=Thực tế các nhà thực nghiệm có một cá tính nhất định. Họ... thường thực hiện các thí nghiệm trong vùng mà nhà lý thuyết vẫn chưa tiên đoán gì.}}</ref>

===範圍吧目的===
[[Tập tin:Acceleration components.JPG|thumb|left|物理模型化世界自然憑各代量。譬喻於低，軌道𧵑籺𥪝[[cơ học]]得描寫憑法併[[微積分]].]]

物理學研究𡗉現象、自[[各籺基本]]（如[[quark]]、[[neutrino]]吧[[electron]]）朱𦤾仍[[超𡌽天河]]。包括仍現象吧物質基本尼羅仍次構成𬨠𤗆事物吧現象恪。由丕物理𡀳得噲羅「科學基本」。<ref name="Feynman lectures">''The Feynman Lectures on Physics'' Volume I. Feynman, Leighton and Sands. ISBN 0-201-02115-3 Xem chương 3: "The Relation of Physics to Other Sciences".</ref>物理學固目的描寫𪨈𡗉現象恪僥𥪝自然只憑𠬠數𡮈各規律單簡一。由丕、物理學𠁪目的聯繫仍次𦓡𡥵𠊛觀察得貝原因𨠳𠚢衆、吧𢖖󠄁妬結綏仍原因尼貝僥。

譬喻、𠊛希臘古代㐌別哴仍物如[[琥珀]]欺搽𠓨𣯡獸固体遣𠄩物唿僥。效應尼吝頭先得研究𠓨世紀XVII、吧噲羅[[電學]]。𥪝欺妬、自𥹰󠄁𠊛些拱別固仍𫪐[[南針]]固体唿錆鉄吧使用𫜵[[羅盤]]、咍門[[磁學]]。由丕、物理固目的曉得本質𧵑𠄩現象蹺𠬠數原因芇妬。雖丕、仍研究漊欣𥪝世紀XIX朱𧡊𠄩力尼只羅仍㓶𧣲恪僥𧵑共𠬠力—[[力電磁]]。過程「統一」各力吻𡀳接續朱𦤾𣈜𫢩、吧[[力電磁]]吧[[力籺仁𪽳]]現𫢩得統一成[[相作電𪽳]]。各茹物理希望𡳳窮仕尋𠚢得理說統一得𪥘󠄁𦊚相作基本𥪝自然（䀡''[[*研究現在|研究現在]]''於𨑜）。

===領域研究===

仍研究現𫢩固体𢺹成𠬠數領域正如[[物理物質凝聚]]；物理熱度隰、物理[[plasma]]；[[物理原子]]、[[分子]]、[[nano]]、[[光學]]、[[laser]]、[[物理半引]]；[[物理籺]]；[[物理天文]]；[[地物理]]吧[[物理生學]]…𠬠數茹物理拱參加研究𥪝教育物理學。

自世紀XX、𡗉領域物理㵋出現吧𣈜𪨈專別化欣、吧𣈜𫢩多數各茹物理只研究𥪝領域狹𥪝全事業𧵑𣱆。仍「茹博學」如[[Albert Einstein]]（1879–1955）、[[Enrico Fermi]]（1901－1954）、[[Lev Landau]]（1908–1968）、…𦓡𣱆研究𥪝𡗉領域𧵑物理學、現𫢩羅窒險。<ref>雖丕，趨向普括拱得激勵𥪝文化物理。譬喻，貝事𠚢𠁀𧵑[[World Wide Web]]在[[CERN]]由[[Tim Berners-Lee]]發明𠁪造𠚢基礎下層𣛠併朱CERN，㐌𢴇空只各茹物理聯絡貝僥𦓡𡀳𢺹𢩿得與料吧排報研究。張[[arXiv.org]]拱固目的相似；吧𦁸印絲涅𢴇𤗆𠊛𨑗世界結納貝僥易揚欣 。</ref>

====物質凝聚====
[[Tập tin:Bose Einstein condensate.png|right|thumb|350px|與料份布運速各分子氣[[Rubiđi|rubidium]]，確認發現𠚢𠬠頗㵋𧵑物質，[[凝聚Bose–Einstein]].]]
物理物質凝聚羅𠬠梗𧵑物理學研究各性質物理偉模𧵑物質。<ref name="Taylor2002">{{chú thích sách|last1=Taylor|first1=Philip L.|author2=Olle Heinonen|title=A Quantum Approach to Condensed Matter Physics|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=hyx6BjEX4U8C|year=2002|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=978-0-521-77827-5}}</ref>特別、伮察𦤾各頗「凝聚」出現不據欺芇數籺𥪝系羅窒𡘯吧相作𡧲衆羅猛。<ref name=Cohen2008>{{chú thích tạp chí|last=Cohen|first=Marvin L.|title=Fifty Years of Condensed Matter Physics|journal=Physical Review Letters|year=2008|volume=101|issue=5|pages=25001 (5 pages)|doi=10.1103/PhysRevLett.101.250001|url=http://journals.aps.org/prl/edannounce/PhysRevLett.101.250001}}</ref>
仍譬喻慣熟一𧵑[[頗]]凝聚妬羅質𰧄吧質𣿅、衆出現由力電磁連結𡧲各原子。<ref name="Moore2011">{{chú thích sách|last=Moore|first=John T.|title=Chemistry For Dummies|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=TRuP-BbS9xoC|edition=2 |year=2011|publisher=John Wiley & Sons|isbn=978-1-118-00730-3|pages=255–258}}</ref>仍頗凝聚奇𨓐包𠁟[[狀態超沚]]<ref name=Leggett1999>{{chú thích tạp chí|last=Leggett|first=Anthony J.|title=Superfluidity|journal=Reviews of Modern Physics|year=1999|volume=71|issue=2|pages=S318–S323|doi=10.1103/RevModPhys.71.S318}}</ref>吧[[凝聚Bose–Einstein]]<ref>{{chú thích tạp chí
|last=Levy
|first=Barbara G.
|title=Cornell, Ketterle, and Wieman Share Nobel Prize for Bose-Einstein Condensates
|journal=Physics Today
|year=2001
|page=14
|doi=10.1063/1.1445529
|url=https://physicstoday.scitation.org/doi/10.1063/1.1445529
|volume=54
|issue=12}}</ref>出現𥪝仍系原子具體於熱度窒隰近0K、頗超引體現𤳸各electron引𥪝𠬠數物料、<ref>{{chú thích tạp chí|authors=Jelena Stajic & Robert Coontz, Ian Osborne|title=Happy 100th, Superconductivity!|journal=Science|date=ngày 8 tháng 4 năm 2011|volume=332|issue=6026|page=189|doi=10.1126/science.332.6026.189}}</ref>吧[[物料鉄磁]]吧[[反鉄磁]]由性質spin𥪝𦁸[[晶體原子]]。<ref name="Mattis2006">{{chú thích sách|last=Mattis|first=Daniel Charles|title=The Theory of Magnetism Made Simple|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=VkNBAQAAIAAJ|year=2006|publisher=World Scientific|isbn=978-981-238-579-6}}</ref>

物理物質凝聚羅𠬠𥪝仍梗𡘯一𧵑物理學現𫢩。<ref>{{chú thích web|title=History of Condensed Matter Physics|url=http://www.aps.org/units/dcmp/history.cfm|publisher=American Physical Society|access-date =ngày 15 tháng 6 năm 2013}}</ref>𧗱𩈘歷史、梗尼扒頭長成自梗[[物理狀態𰧄]]、吧現𫢩得各茹科學䁛羅主題正𧵑物理物質凝聚。<ref name=CMPatAPS>{{chú thích web |url=http://www.aps.org/units/dcmp/index.cfm |title=Division of Condensed Matter Physics|publisher=American Physical Society |access-date =ngày 14 tháng 10 năm 2012}}</ref>術語物理物質凝聚由[[Philip Anderson]]𪲍𠚢欺翁𢷮𠸜𡖡研究𧵑翁—𠓀妬羅理說狀態𰧄—𠓨𢆥1967。<ref>{{chú thích web|title=Philip Anderson|url=https://phy.princeton.edu/people/philip-anderson|work=Physics Faculty|publisher=Princeton University|access-date =ngày 15 tháng 10 năm 2012}}</ref> 𢆥1978、𡖡物理狀態𰧄𧵑[[會物理]]美𢷮𠸜成𡖡[[物理物質凝聚]]。<ref name=CMPatAPS />梗尼包括窒𡗉領域包𠁟[[化學]]、[[科學物料]]、工藝[[nano]]吧技術。<ref name=Cohen2008 />


====物理原子、分子、吧光學====

物理[[原子]]、[[分子]]、吧[[光學]]（AMO）研究相作𡧲[[物質]]–物質吧[[映𤏬]]–物質𨑗級度原子吧分子。𪥘󠄁𠀧梗尼固事𢭂𢷮過徠悋僥、衆固体使用方法研究相似僥、𥞖僥𧗱𣞪[[能量]]𧵑系研究。𪥘󠄁𠀧梗調固格接近包𠁟𧵑物理古典、半古典吧[[量子]]；各茹物理固体察𠀧領域尼自級度微模（逆貝觀點偉模）。

物理原子研究各笠𤿭[[electron]]𥪝原子。仍研究現在集中𠓨調遣[[量子]]、𫜵冷吧擺原子吧[[ion]]、動力學撝𪮻𡧲仍系熱度隰吧效應相關eletron𨑗構築吧動力𧵑系<ref name="Wineland">{{chú thích web |url=http://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/physics/laureates/2012/wineland-lecture_slides.pdf |title=Superposition, Entanglement, and Raising Schrödinger’s Cat |author=D. J. Wineland |publisher=Nobel Foundation |format=PDF |date=2012 }}</ref> 。物理原子拱被影響𤳸結果研究𧵑物理籺仁（譬喻如、構築超精細）<ref name="Lamb">{{chú thích web |url=http://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/physics/laureates/1955/lamb-lecture.pdf |title=Fine structure of the hydrogen atom |author=Willis E. Lamb |publisher=Nobel Foundation |format=PDF |date=1955 }}</ref>)、扔各效應連籺仁如分核吧綜合籺仁得䀡羅屬𧗱領域物理能量高。

[[物理分子]]集中𠓨各構築多原子吧仍相作內吧外分子貝物質吧映𤏬。物理光學吧梗𡥵[[光學量子]]恪貝[[光學]]古典妬羅伮空研究格調遣場映𤏬憑方法偉模、𠊝𠓨妬羅研究各性質基本𧵑場光學吧相作𧵑衆貝物質𥪝簜微模。<ref name="Glauber">{{chú thích web |url=http://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/physics/laureates/2005/glauber-lecture.pdf |title=One hundred years of light quanta |author=Roy J. Glauber |publisher=Nobel Foundation |format=PDF |date=2005 }}</ref>

====物理能量高（物理籺）吧物理籺仁====
[[Tập tin:Plasma-lamp.jpg|phải|nhỏ|250px|畑plasma.]]
[[Tập tin:Elementary particle interactions.svg|thumb|[[模型準]]描寫各籺吧相作𡧲衆；仍塘綏體現各籺固相作貝僥（或貝正伮）。 ]]

物理籺研究各[[籺基本]]構造𢧚[[物質]]吧[[能量]]、拱如相作𡧲衆。<ref>{{chú thích web|title=Division of Particles & Fields|url=http://www.aps.org/units/dpf/index.cfm|publisher=American Physical Society|access-date =ngày 18 tháng 10 năm 2012}}</ref>添𠓨妬、各茹物理籺共配合貝各技師𠁪設計吧擸撻各[[𣛠加速]]、<ref name="Halpern2010">{{chú thích sách|last=Halpern|first=Paul|title=Collider: The Search for the World's Smallest Particles|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=JAxLVY96sqsC|year=2010|publisher=John Wiley & Sons|isbn=978-0-470-64391-4}}</ref> [[𣛠𪭴籺]]、<ref>{{chú thích tạp chí|last=Grupen|first=Klaus|title=Instrumentation in Elementary Particle Physics:VIII ICFA School|journal=AIP Conference Proceedings|date = ngày 28 tháng 6 năm 1999 |volume=536|pages=3–34|doi=10.1063/1.1361756}}</ref> 吧各章程[[份𣠳]]𧼋𨑗[[超𣛠併]]𠁪分析與料收得。<ref>{{chú thích web|last=Walsh|first=Karen McNulty|title=Plotting the Future for Computing in High-Energy and Nuclear Physics|url=http://www.bnl.gov/newsroom/news.php?a=23098|publisher=Brookhaven National Laboratory|access-date =ngày 18 tháng 10 năm 2012|date=ngày 1 tháng 6 năm 2012}}</ref>梗尼𡀳得噲羅「物理能量高」𤳸爲𡗉[[籺基本]]空出現咍存在「𥹰󠄁」𥪝自然、吧抵研究衆各茹物理沛𢏑仍籺固能量高撝𪮻貝僥抵生𠚢仍籺尼。<ref>{{chú thích web|title=High Energy Particle Physics Group|url=http://www.iop.org/activity/groups/subject/hepp/index.html|publisher=Institute of Physics|access-date =ngày 18 tháng 10 năm 2012}}</ref>

現𫢩、各相作𧵑仍籺基本吧場得描寫可完整𥪝[[模型準]]。<ref name="Oerter2006">{{chú thích sách|last=Oerter|first=Robert|title=The Theory of Almost Everything: The Standard Model, the Unsung Triumph of Modern Physics|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=1KHuAAAAMAAJ|year=2006|publisher=Pi Press|isbn=978-0-13-236678-6}}</ref>𥪝模型尼固12籺基本構成𬨠世界物質（[[quark]]吧[[lepton]]）、衆相作貝僥通過各籺傳相作𧵑𠀧類[[相作猛]]、[[𪽳]]、吧[[電磁]]。<ref name="oerter2006">{{harvnb|Oerter|2006}}</ref>仍性質𧵑各相作尼得描寫𤳸各籺𢭂𢷮[[boson gauge]]（相應各[[gluon]]、[[boson W]]吧[[Z]]、吧[[photon]]）。<ref name="Gribbin1998">{{chú thích sách|last1=Gribbin|first1=John R.|author2=Mary Gribbin|author3=Jonathan Gribbin|title=Q is for Quantum: An Encyclopedia of Particle Physics|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=WzwbAQAAIAAJ|year=1998|publisher=Free Press|isbn=978-0-684-85578-3}}</ref>模型準拱先斷存在籺[[boson Higgs]]、<ref name="oerter2006" />籺固𦠘𠻀解釋在哰各籺基本徠固塊量通過「機制破𥒮對稱自發」。𣈜4𣎃7𢆥2012、機關[[CERN]]、房試驗洲歐𧗱物理籺、通報發現𠬠籺固仍性質𥞖貝boson Higgs、吧羕如低正羅籺𦓡𠻻𥹰󠄁𫢩各茹寔驗物理籺𤜬𨓡。<ref>{{chú thích web|title=CERN experiments observe particle consistent with long-sought Higgs boson|url=http://press-archived.web.cern.ch/press-archived/PressReleases/Releases2012/PR17.12E.html|publisher=European Organization for Nuclear Research|access-date=ngày 18 tháng 10 năm 2012|date=ngày 4 tháng 7 năm 2012|archive-date=2012-11-14|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121114084952/http://press-archived.web.cern.ch/press-archived/PressReleases/Releases2012/PR17.12E.html|url-status=dead}}</ref>

物理籺仁羅梗研究成份構造𢧚籺仁原子如[[proton]]、[[neutron]]吧相作𡧲各籺仁。應用得別𦤾𡗉一𧵑梗尼妬羅[[能量籺仁]]生𠚢𥪝各[[爐反應籺仁]]吧工藝[[武器原子]]、扔伮拱出現𥪝仍梗恪如射治[[癰疽]]𥪝[[醫學籺仁]]、[[𠌷共享磁]]、𥝽𢯖ion𥪝科學物料、方法[[確定年代]]憑各元素放射𥪝地質吧[[考古學]]、研究造𠚢各[[元素超urani]]吧[[倒𥾽]]仍元素尼。

====物理天文====
[[Tập tin:Hubble ultra deep field high rez edit1.jpg|thumb|left|幅影𠌷仍天河賒𥸷𥪝過去𧵑[[宇宙]]，影𧵑[[鏡遠望空間Hubble|Hubble]]。]]
[[天文學]]吧[[天文物理]]羅𠬠梗應用各理說吧方法𧵑物理學抵研究構築[[𣇟]]、進化𣇟、源㭲吧[[事形成系𩈘𡗶]]、[[事形成各行星]]、[[天河]]、朱𦤾仍構築𡘯𥪝宇宙。伮拱研究[[歷史起頭吧結束𧵑宇宙]]…<ref>{{chú thích web |url=http://www.aanda.org/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=98&Itemid=110 |title=About Astronomy and Astrophysics |publisher=EDP Science |work=Staff |access-date =ngày 27 tháng 4 năm 2013 }}</ref>天文物理羅𠬠梗𢌌、各茹物理天文沛壓用𡗉蘔𧵑物理學包𠁟[[機學天體]]、[[電磁學]]、[[機學統計]]、[[熱動力學]]、[[機學量子]]、[[說相對]]、[[物理籺]]…

天文學班頭𠁟仍研究觀察過[[鏡天文]]𩈘𡐙貝限制𥪝度分解吧範圍狹𧵑𨀈㳥光學。𢆥1931茹天文[[Karl Jansky]]發現𠚢信號無線固源㭲自各天體𨑗匏𡗶吧𢲫頭朱𠬠梗㵋羅[[天文無線]]。<ref>{{chú thích web |url=http://www.bigear.org/vol1no4/jansky.htm |title=My Brother Karl Jansky and His Discovery of Radio Waves from Beyond the Earth |work=C. M. Jansky, Jr |publisher=North American AstroPhysical Observatory |access-date =ngày 27 tháng 4 năm 2013 }}</ref> 𥪝仍十年近低、前方𧵑天文學㐌得𢲫𢌌欣欺𡥵𠊛𨀈𠓨紀元探險宇宙貝各工藝先進壓用自仍梗恪𧵑物理學朱法𡏦𥩯得仍[[鏡天文空間]]、艚探𪭴連行星、吧[[站宇宙國際ISS]]。空仍勢、範圍𨀈㳥觀察㐌得寔現𨑗全沔𨀈㳥電磁、[[無線]]、[[紅外]]、[[光學]]、[[紫外]]、[[𣈢X]]朱𦤾[[𣈢gamma]]。甚至各茹天文物理寔驗當𡏦𥩯仍臺觀測[[neutrino]]、𣛠𪭴[[𣈢宇宙]]如[[AMS－02]]、咍甚至羅基礎𩈘𡐙拱如設備空間探𪭴[[㳥吸引]]。<ref>{{chú thích sách |title=A First Course in General Relativity |url=https://archive.org/details/firstcourseingen00bern_0 |author=Schutz, Bernard F |year=2009 |edition=2 |publisher=Cambridge University Press |isbn=0-521-88705-4 |page=Chương 12 }}</ref>

[[物理宇宙學]]研究事形成吧進化𧵑宇宙𨑗範圍𡘯一𧵑伮。𥪝領域尼說相對𢌌𧵑Albert Einstein㨂𦠘𠻀中心𧵑各理說宇宙學現代。世紀XX、各勘破𧵑[[Hubble]]共𠬠數茹科學恪朱𧡊宇宙當僴𦬑、如得只𠚢憑[[定律Hubble]]。勘破尼共貝發現𧗱[[輻射堸微㳥宇宙]]羅𠬠𥪝仍證據猛瑪擁護說「[[務砮𡘯]]」𧗱事起頭𧵑宇宙吧𤄹𠬃理說狀態仃𧵑宇宙。𡳳世紀XX、澦𨑗觀察各超新星類Ia各茹物理天文㐌不㘈發現𠚢宇宙空仍當僴𦬑𦓡事僴𦬑當增速、空如𠓀低朱哴事僴𦬑尼沛踸徠。<ref name="Nobel2011">{{chú thích web|title=Nobel Prize Biography|url=http://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/physics/laureates/1921/einstein-bio.html|work=Nobel Prize Biography|publisher=Nobel Foundation|access-date =25 tháng 2 năm 2011}}</ref>

[[Tập tin:ISS Aug2005.jpg|nhỏ|phải|250px|站宇宙國際𠌷自艚{{r|𡥵鏙|con thoi}}Discovery𢆥2005𥪝階段𡏦𥩯。]]

[[理說Big Bang]]𠭤𬨠成功貝仍先斷𧵑事生𠚢各元素珥𥪝綜合籺仁務砮𡘯、𧗱[[輻射殘餘微波]]發現𢆥1964吧𧗱構築𡘯𧵑宇宙觀察得。模型務砮𡘯澦𨑗𠄩柱榾正：[[說相對總括]]𧵑Albert Einstein吧[[原理宇宙學]]。各茹宇宙學現𫢩迻𠚢模型ΛCDM、模型包𠁟務砮𡘯如羅點起頭開生宇宙－咍模型準𧵑宇宙學。模型描寫𧗱事進化吧成份𧵑宇宙拱如狀態最後𧵑伮、貝各理說附添如[[宇宙濫發]]於時點Big Bang；各成份[[能量𣋁]]、[[物質𣋁]]吧物質[[baryon]]。<ref name="Nobel2011"/>

𡗉勘破㵋出發自役收拾與料吧分析衆由仍鏡天文空間寄𧗱。譬喻與料自鏡天文空間𣈢gamma Fermi觀察𥪝𡗉𢆥𫼳徠朱各茹物理天文丐𥆾㵋𧗱活動𧵑宇宙吧朱法𣱆打價仍模型理說𥪝物理宇宙學。<ref>{{chú thích web |url=http://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/GLAST/main/questions_answers.html |title=NASA - Q&A on the GLAST Mission |access-date =ngày 29 tháng 4 năm 2009 |work=Nasa: Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope |publisher=[[NASA]] |date=ngày 28 tháng 8 năm 2008}}</ref> <ref>See also [http://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/GLAST/science/index.html Nasa - Fermi Science] and [http://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/GLAST/science/unidentified_sources.html NASA - Scientists Predict Major Discoveries for GLAST].</ref>特別欣、貝仍預案鏡天文𩈘𡐙吧𥪝空間㵋欺𠫾𠓨活動仕𢴇各茹科學𢯝得幅幔秘隱𧵑物質𣋁吧能量𣋁𥪝十年𬧐。<ref>{{chú thích web |url=http://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/GLAST/science/dark_matter.html |title=Dark Matter |publisher=Nasa.gov |date=ngày 28 tháng 8 năm 2008 |access-date =ngày 30 tháng 1 năm 2012}}</ref>鏡天文Fermi拱如𣛠𢵋譜計自alpha AMS－02仕尋檢萌䋦存在𧵑仍籺塊量𡘯相作窒𪽳貝物質baryon、邊𧣲妬與料補充自梗物理籺於各試驗𨑗各𣛠加速如LHC吧仍𣛠𪭴恪仕𫼳徠丐𥆾包括朱各茹物理自級微模𦤾偉模。欺鏡天文空間James Webb得放𬨠、伮仕𥆾賒欣𠓨過去𧵑宇宙吧各茹科學仕尋曉得卒欣歷史初開𧵑宇宙。<ref>{{chú thích web |url=http://www.jwst.nasa.gov/ |title=JWST homepage at NASA |publisher=NASA |author=Staff |access-date =ngày 29 tháng 4 năm 2013 }}</ref>


𥪝範圍系𩈘𡗶、各艚探𪭴㐌𠶇探近歇各行星正吧當行程𦤾仍漨󰑋系𩈘𡗶吧空間連𣇟。𠬠數艚如Voyager1㐌寄𧗱仍與料貴價𧗱漨日卷吧𩙍𩈘𡗶於仍坭賒一、𢴇朱各茹物理設立模型正確欣𧗱構築系𩈘𡗶於範圍外賒𥸷。<ref>{{chú thích báo |author=Richard A. Kerr |title=Tying Up the Solar System With a Ribbon of Charged Particles |url=http://www.sciencemag.org/content/326/5951/350.1 |work=Science |date=16 tháng 10 năm 2009 |volume=326 |issue=5951 |pages=350–351 |access-date =27 tháng 11 năm 2009}} {{doi|10.1126/science.326_350a}}</ref>

== 研究現在 ==
[[Tập tin:Feynman'sDiagram.JPG|thumb|right|[[表圖Feynman]] 貝𡨸記𧵑[[Richard Feynman|R.P. Feynman]]。]]
[[Tập tin:Levitation superconductivity.JPG|thumb|right|𠬠效應典型𧵑物理：[[南針]]撩𢣻𠻴𨑗𠬠[[質超引]]，咍[[效應Meissner]]。]]
仍進程發展𧵑物理接續貝仍問題𣗓𦄂得吧需求促𢩽各進步工藝㵋。

𥪝物理物質凝聚、𠬠問題理說關重𣗓𦄂得妬羅解釋效應[[超引熱度高]]於𠬠數物料𡑲吧尋格應用現象尼進擦𬧐超引於熱度氣圈。𠬠數試驗物理當向𦤾造𠚢成功[[𣛠併量子]]頭先咍造𠚢各零健㵋澦𨑗役調遣吧操作[[spin]]𧵑[[電子]]。各茹寔驗量子拱當固𠡚現寔化得過程[[遠載量子]]𨑗仍曠隔𡘯吧空仍對貝[[photon]]𦓡貝𪥘󠄁系𡗉原子澦𨑗事[[𦁽𬗠量子]]。<ref>{{chú thích web |url=http://physicsworld.com/cws/article/news/2013/apr/23/third-bell-loophole-closed-for-photons |title=Third Bell loophole closed for photons |publisher=Institute of Physics |author=Hamish Johnston |date=ngày 23 tháng 4 năm 2013 |access-date =ngày 1 tháng 5 năm 2013 }}</ref><ref>{{chú thích tạp chí |title=Bell violation using entangled photons without the fair-sampling assumption |first1=Marissa |last1=Giustina |last2= |journal=Nature |year=2013|issn=0028-0836|doi=10.1038/nature12012}}</ref>

𥪝物理籺、仍試驗𫼳徠萌䋦頭先𧗱𡋂物理邊外模型準當𢴍𢬾露。𠬠𥪝仍證據浽弼一妬羅[[neutrino]]固[[塊量]]恪0扔窒𡮈。役籺[[neutrino]]固塊量𢴇解決逆理自𥹰󠄁𧗱問題neutrino𩈘𡗶、𥪝妬各茹物理寔驗只點得1／3數籺如模型準先斷、吧寔質neutrino固体變𢷮成𠄩類neutrino恪。各𣛠加速㐌達𦤾𣞪能量加速各籺𬧐[[能量TeV]]、吧𣱆㐌尋𧡊籺固性質相似如[[籺Higgs]]拱如當𣋝𦄃𤜬𨓡仍籺超對稱𧵑各籺基本。<ref>584 co-authors [http://arxiv.org/abs/0706.1690v2 "Direct observation of the strange 'b' baryon <math>\Xi_{b}^{-}</math>"] Fermilab-Pub-07/196-E, ngày 12 tháng 6 năm 2007 finds a mass of 5.774 GeV for the <math>\Xi_{b}^{-}</math> [http://arxiv.org/pdf/0706.1690v2.pdf Pdf]</ref>

𨑗領域理說、目的𧵑𡗉茹物理理說妬羅尋𠚢得[[說吸引量子]]統一[[機學量子]]吧[[說相對總括]]、𠬠懞㦖出發自仍𢆥1920欺Einstein㦖統一說𧵑翁貝[[說電磁古典]]、吧過程尼當進展窒能動。𠬠數理說浽弼𬨠妬羅[[說M]]、[理說絏]吧[[吸引量子𤥑]]。<ref>{{chú thích web |url=http://www.einstein-online.info/dictionary?search_letter=q&set_language=en#quantum_gravity |title=Dictionary - Quantum gravity |publisher=Albert Einstein Institute |work=Staff |access-date=ngày 1 tháng 5 năm 2013 |archive-date=2013-05-07 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130507005520/http://www.einstein-online.info/dictionary?search_letter=q&set_language=en#quantum_gravity |url-status=dead }}</ref>


𡗉現象𥪝天文學吧宇宙學當𢴍𢴍得解釋、包𠁟事出現𧵑仍[[𣈢宇宙]]能量窒高、仍源[[quasar]][[輻射]]猛、異常吸引𧵑[[艚Pioneer]]。吧各茹宇宙學當尋檢吧解釋[[物質𣋁]]𠹾責任朱速度自𢮿不常於漨󰑋𥪝每天河。事件發現𠚢宇宙當僴𦬑加速拱羅勘破㵋朱𧡊宇宙𡀳窒𡗉條秘隱。<ref name="Baez"/>

雖㐌固𡗉成就自機學量子朱𦤾物理天文、𬆄𪥘󠄁仍效應吧現象恆𣈜吻𡀳𣗓得曉𣹓𨁥如仍系複雜、[[混亂]]、咍擾亂𥪝媒場質流…<ref name="Baez"/>仍問題複合想如衆固体解憑格𫩟嘹壓用各[[方程微分]]機學動力吻𣗓解決得；譬喻如事形成仍玷𤏬欺朱㳥音激刺渃挵、形樣𧵑各湥渃、機制破毀飭𢫮皮𩈘各質𣿅、咍甚至各茹氣象學𣗓体先斷正確活動時節𧵑氣圈裊過𠀧𣈜貝仍見識連關𧗱物理現𫢩。<ref name="Baez">{{chú thích web |url=http://math.ucr.edu/home/baez/physics/General/open_questions.html#big |title=Open Questions in Physics |author=John Baez |publisher=University of California, Riverside |date=2012 |access-date =ngày 1 tháng 5 năm 2013 }}</ref>

仍現象複合尼認得事注意自十年1970爲𠬠𠄧理由、包𠁟事𠚢𠁀𧵑[[𣛠併]]電磁吧各方法[[算學]]㵋、朱法各茹物理寔現得模倣衆𨑗𣛠併𠁪發現仍性質吧行狀𧵑各系複合尼。方法模倣𨑗𣛠併懃事合作𧵑𡗉茹科學𨑗𡗉領域恪僥、自仍立程員朱𦤾各專家𥪝𠬠領域𥢆、如研究性擾亂𥪝氣動力學𧵑𣛠𢒎咍事形成細胞𥪝生學。𢆥1932、Horace Lamb𢪏：<ref>{{chú thích tạp chí
|last=Goldstein |first=Sydney
|title=Fluid Mechanics in the First Half of this Century
|journal=Annual Reviews in Fluid Mechanics
|year=1969 |volume=1 |pages=1–28
|doi=10.1146/annurev.fl.01.010169.000245 |bibcode = 1969AnRFM...1....1G
}}</ref>

<blockquote>''𣊾𣇞碎㐌高歲、𠬠欺碎過𠁀吧𬨠天堂固𠄩條𦓡碎希望㦖得𫜵𤏬𤍊。𠬠羅電動力學量子、吧𠄩羅轉動擾亂𧵑質流。吧𧗱仍次恪碎信想樂觀欣。''</blockquote>
𢆥2005羅𢆥得組織[[UNESCO]]𧵑[[聯合國]]譔𫜵[[𢆥物理世界]]。低羅𠬠活動𠁪紀念吧尊榮仍成就關重𧵑物理㐌達得對貝科學拱如對貝局𤯩常𣈜𥪝仍𢆥過。


== 註釋 ==

{{tham khảo}}


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