恪別𡧲版𢯢𢷮𧵑「保大」
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𣈜[[6𣎃11]]𢆥[[1925]]、啓定帝崩遐、皇太子{{r|永瑞|Vĩnh Thụy}}𧗱𡈉壽喪。 𣈜[[8𣎃1]]、太子淂尊𬨠繼位𫜵[[皇帝]]繼任、翁𥙩年號'''保大'''、𣅶呢翁㵋12𢆫。𣎃3共𢆥、保大帝𠭤吏法抵接續學習。自年課[[1930]]、保大帝蹺學場[[科學政治]]（Sciences Po）。 | 𣈜[[6𣎃11]]𢆥[[1925]]、啓定帝崩遐、皇太子{{r|永瑞|Vĩnh Thụy}}𧗱𡈉壽喪。 𣈜[[8𣎃1]]、太子淂尊𬨠繼位𫜵[[皇帝]]繼任、翁𥙩年號'''保大'''、𣅶呢翁㵋12𢆫。𣎃3共𢆥、保大帝𠭤吏法抵接續學習。自年課[[1930]]、保大帝蹺學場[[科學政治]]（Sciences Po）。 | ||
𡢐10𢆥陶造於法國、𣈜[[16𣎃8]]𢆥[[1932]]、保大帝共朝官、𡬈艚 [[D’Artagnan]] 𧗱𡈉。𣈜[[19𣎃9]]𢆥[[1932]] | 𡢐10𢆥陶造於法國、𣈜[[16𣎃8]]𢆥[[1932]]、保大帝共朝官、𡬈艚 [[D’Artagnan]] 𧗱𡈉。𣈜[[19𣎃9]]𢆥[[1932]]、保大帝𫥨道諭數𠬠宣告執政吧肯定制度君主「大南皇朝」。文本呢毀𠬕「規約」𣈜[[16𣎃11]]𢆥[[1925]]立𫥨𡢐欺弘宗啓定帝崩空𥹰。 | ||
===大南皇帝=== | ===大南皇帝=== | ||
保大帝㐌改革工役𥪝朝如𢵸𪡸吏役內政、行政。皇帝㐌咮𠬕𠬠數習俗𦓡各先帝㐌𠍣𫥨如臣民空沛跪𥚄𦓡固體𥈴𥆾龍顏天子欺禮駕細、每欺𠓨𠎫各官西空沛𢴇𢬣舍𥚄𦓡只扒𢬣𤤰、各官𢧲拱空沛跪𥚄。 | |||
𣈜[[8𣎃4]]、𢆥[[1932]]、保大帝㐌頒行𠬠道諭改組內閣、決定自𨉟執政吧敕封㖭5尚書㵋出身自界學者吧行政羅{{r|[[范瓊]]|Phạm Quỳnh}}、 {{r|[[太文纂]]|Thái Văn Toản}}、{{r|[[胡得愷]]|Hồ Đắc Khải}}、{{r|[[吳廷琰]]|Ngô Đình Diệm}}吧{{r|[[裴鵬團]]|Bùi Bằng Đoàn}}𥆂𠳙替各尚書𦓅𪽳或劔能力羅{{r|[[阮有拜]]|Nguyễn Hữu Bài}}（吏部尚書）、{{r|[[尊室彈]]|Tôn Thất Đàn}}（刑部尚書）、{{r| [[范料]]|Phạm Liệu}}（兵部尚書）、{{r|[[武廉]]|Võ Liêm}}（禮部尚書）、{{r|[[王思大]]|Vương Tứ Đại}}（工部尚書）。<ref>役呢淂{{r|懷南|Hoài Nam }}{{r|[[阮仲瑾]]|Nguyễn Trọng Cẩn}}𥱬吏𥪝排詩𡢐： | 𣈜[[8𣎃4]]、𢆥[[1932]]、保大帝㐌頒行𠬠道諭改組內閣、決定自𨉟執政吧敕封㖭5尚書㵋出身自界學者吧行政羅{{r|[[范瓊]]|Phạm Quỳnh}}、 {{r|[[太文纂]]|Thái Văn Toản}}、{{r|[[胡得愷]]|Hồ Đắc Khải}}、{{r|[[吳廷琰]]|Ngô Đình Diệm}}吧{{r|[[裴鵬團]]|Bùi Bằng Đoàn}}𥆂𠳙替各尚書𦓅𪽳或劔能力羅{{r|[[阮有拜]]|Nguyễn Hữu Bài}}（吏部尚書）、{{r|[[尊室彈]]|Tôn Thất Đàn}}（刑部尚書）、{{r| [[范料]]|Phạm Liệu}}（兵部尚書）、{{r|[[武廉]]|Võ Liêm}}（禮部尚書）、{{r|[[王思大]]|Vương Tứ Đại}}（工部尚書）。<ref>役呢淂{{r|懷南|Hoài Nam }}{{r|[[阮仲瑾]]|Nguyễn Trọng Cẩn}}𥱬吏𥪝排詩𡢐： | ||
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===國長帝國越南=== | ===國長帝國越南=== | ||
𡢐欺[[日]]倒政法吧宣布𢭂捛獨立咮越南。𣈜[[11𣎃3]]𢆥[[1945]] | 𡢐欺[[日]]倒政法吧宣布𢭂捛獨立咮越南。𣈜[[11𣎃3]]𢆥[[1945]]、保大𫥨道諭「宣告越南獨立」、宣布毀𠬕[[和約 Patenôtre]] 記貝法𢆥1884、恢復主權越南、統一[[北圻]]、[[中圻]]吧[[南圻]]。{{fact}} 𥪝宣布𧵑保大、罷𠬕各協約保護吧𠅒獨立貝法𠓀低、獨立蹺宣言大東亞、吧「翁拱如政府越南信想𢚸忠寔𧵑日本吧伮淂確定𫜵役貝各𡈉抵達淂目的」（蹺 Francis AGOSTINI）。{{fact}} | ||
𣈜[[7𣎃4]]𢆥1945、保大㐌記道諭數5准依成份{{r|[[內閣陳仲金]]|Nội các Trần Trọng Kim}}吧𣈜[[12𣎃5]]解體院民表中圻。{{fact}} 𣎃6𢆥1945、政府{{r|[[陳仲金]]|Trần Trọng Kim}}逹國號羅[[帝國越南]]。 | 𣈜[[7𣎃4]]𢆥1945、保大㐌記道諭數5准依成份{{r|[[內閣陳仲金]]|Nội các Trần Trọng Kim}}吧𣈜[[12𣎃5]]解體院民表中圻。{{fact}} 𣎃6𢆥1945、政府{{r|[[陳仲金]]|Trần Trọng Kim}}逹國號羅[[帝國越南]]。 | ||
𣈜16𣎃8𢆥1945、{{r|陳仲金|Trần Trọng Kim}} | 𣈜16𣎃8𢆥1945、{{r|陳仲金|Trần Trọng Kim}}宣布保衞「獨立」掙淂9𣎃3、吧𣈜18𣎃8造𫥨𠬠委班解放民族。蹺𠳒勧𧵑翁部長部外交、保大𠳚通牒咮總統 Truman、𤤰𡈉英、統制蔣介石、將 de Gaulle 提議公認獨立𧵑越南。雖然𦤾24𣎃8翁㐌寔現勾捛𠳒會同機密決定退位「抵空沛𱺵𠬠阻碍咮事解放𧵑𡐙𡈉」。<ref>Stéphane Just: <A propos d'une possibilité théorique et de la lutte pour la dictature du prolétariat> 𨑗『La Vérité』n°588 （Septembre 1979）</ref> | ||
𣈜18𣎃8、𤤰保大㐌確認獨立𧵑越南𡢐欺日投降、淂公布𠓨𣎃3吧同時𠳚𠬠通牒𦤾 de Gaulle 要求公認𡋂獨立𧵑越南。通牒呢咮𠺘事獨立𧵑越南「只固義羅保衞利益𧵑法吧影響精神法於東洋」。{{fact}} 雖然 de Gaulle 豫見ｿ仕後盾咮𠬠制度君主𦓡𠊛𥪸頭空沛羅保大、𠊛㐌妥協貝日本抵淂「獨立」、𦓡羅{{r|永珊|Vĩnh San}}（[[維新]]）、淂䀡如𱺵𠬠𠊛「Gaullist」。<ref name=a>Paul-Marie de La GORCE:<De Gaulle-Leclerc: de Londres à l'Indochine>, 『Espoir』n°132, 2002</ref> | 𣈜18𣎃8、𤤰保大㐌確認獨立𧵑越南𡢐欺日投降、淂公布𠓨𣎃3吧同時𠳚𠬠通牒𦤾 de Gaulle 要求公認𡋂獨立𧵑越南。通牒呢咮𠺘事獨立𧵑越南「只固義羅保衞利益𧵑法吧影響精神法於東洋」。{{fact}} 雖然 de Gaulle 豫見ｿ仕後盾咮𠬠制度君主𦓡𠊛𥪸頭空沛羅保大、𠊛㐌妥協貝日本抵淂「獨立」、𦓡羅{{r|永珊|Vĩnh San}}（[[維新]]）、淂䀡如𱺵𠬠𠊛「Gaullist」。<ref name=a>Paul-Marie de La GORCE:<De Gaulle-Leclerc: de Londres à l'Indochine>, 『Espoir』n°132, 2002</ref> | ||
===退位=== | ===退位=== | ||
自𣎃3𢆥[[1945]]、越南𣑎𠓨𠬠情狀混亂由壙𪔠𧗱權力政治過𡘯。𠊛日當𢥈𢶢拖各杶擯攻𧵑軍隊同盟英-美。哿政府𧵑{{r|陳仲金|Trần Trọng Kim}}悋朝廷𧵑保大调空𨁥力量軍事吧威信政治抵檢刷情形。蹺 Peter A. Pull、只固越盟羅力量固組織唯一於𡈉呢固可能捻淂權政治。<ref>Peter A. Pull、『𡈉美吧東洋－自 Roosevelt 𦤾 Nixon』、茄出版通信理論、河內、1986、張23。</ref> 戰爭㐌𫜵竭蹶𡋂經濟、𡈉日墘竭原料𢧚軍日佔𥙩穭𥺊吧各產品恪、扒民破穭𣙩𦰣抵服務[[戰爭]]、{{r|共|cộng}}㖭天災、難𩛜（[[難𩛜乙酉]] | 自𣎃3𢆥[[1945]]、越南𣑎𠓨𠬠情狀混亂由壙𪔠𧗱權力政治過𡘯。𠊛日當𢥈𢶢拖各杶擯攻𧵑軍隊同盟英-美。哿政府𧵑{{r|陳仲金|Trần Trọng Kim}}悋朝廷𧵑保大调空𨁥力量軍事吧威信政治抵檢刷情形。蹺 Peter A. Pull、只固越盟羅力量固組織唯一於𡈉呢固可能捻淂權政治。<ref>Peter A. Pull、『𡈉美吧東洋－自 Roosevelt 𦤾 Nixon』、茄出版通信理論、河內、1986、張23。</ref> 戰爭㐌𫜵竭蹶𡋂經濟、𡈉日墘竭原料𢧚軍日佔𥙩穭𥺊吧各產品恪、扒民破穭𣙩𦰣抵服務[[戰爭]]、{{r|共|cộng}}㖭天災、難𩛜（[[難𩛜乙酉]]）㐌侈𫥨在[[北圻]]吧[[中圻]]。𠊛𢧲約倂𠺘㐌固壙𠄩兆𠊛𣩂為難𩛜呢。 | ||
𢆥[[1945]]、[[革命𣎃𠔭]]成功。在各地方𨑗哿𡈉、越盟纀政權[[帝國越南]]交權力咮𢩜。𠓀情勢妬、保大決定退位。保大空𤑟沛聯絡貝埃於河內、𢧚𠳚𠬠電信細「委班人民救國」於河內: | 𢆥[[1945]]、[[革命𣎃𠔭]]成功。在各地方𨑗哿𡈉、越盟纀政權[[帝國越南]]交權力咮𢩜。𠓀情勢妬、保大決定退位。保大空𤑟沛聯絡貝埃於河內、𢧚𠳚𠬠電信細「委班人民救國」於河內: | ||
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𤍎𣈜23𣎃8、𠄩派員𧵑越盟羅{{r|[[陳輝燎]]|Trần Huy Liệu}}吧{{r|[[瞿輝瑾]]|Cù Huy Cận}}𦤾宮殿化。蹺𠳒要求𧵑𠄩翁呢、ｿ朝𣈜25𣎃8𢆥1945、保大㐌読[[宣言退位]]𠓀行𡶨𠊛聚合⚡𠓀𨷯{{r|午門|Ngọ Môn}}吧𡢐妬𢭂印信、國寶𧵑皇朝咮翁{{r|[[陳輝燎]]|Trần Huy Liệu}}。翁𠭤成「公民{{r|永瑞|Vĩnh Thụy}}」。𥪝本[[宣言退位]]、翁固勾吶𤃠㗂「朕㦖淂𫜵民𠬠𡈉自由、欣𫜵𤤰𠬠𡈉被治」。<ref>保大、『𡥵𧏵越南』、阮福族出版、1990、張186-188。</ref> | 𤍎𣈜23𣎃8、𠄩派員𧵑越盟羅{{r|[[陳輝燎]]|Trần Huy Liệu}}吧{{r|[[瞿輝瑾]]|Cù Huy Cận}}𦤾宮殿化。蹺𠳒要求𧵑𠄩翁呢、ｿ朝𣈜25𣎃8𢆥1945、保大㐌読[[宣言退位]]𠓀行𡶨𠊛聚合⚡𠓀𨷯{{r|午門|Ngọ Môn}}吧𡢐妬𢭂印信、國寶𧵑皇朝咮翁{{r|[[陳輝燎]]|Trần Huy Liệu}}。翁𠭤成「公民{{r|永瑞|Vĩnh Thụy}}」。𥪝本[[宣言退位]]、翁固勾吶𤃠㗂「朕㦖淂𫜵民𠬠𡈉自由、欣𫜵𤤰𠬠𡈉被治」。<ref>保大、『𡥵𧏵越南』、阮福族出版、1990、張186-188。</ref> | ||
===參加政府越南民主共和=== | ===參加政府越南民主共和=== | ||
𣎃9𢆥1945、翁淂主席政府臨時𡈉[[越南民主共和]] | 𣎃9𢆥1945、翁淂主席政府臨時𡈉[[越南民主共和]]𠸼𫥨河內認職「顧問最高政府臨時越南」、翁𱺵𠬠𥪝7成員𧵑委班預草憲法由胡志明𥪸頭。 | ||
𣈜[[6𣎃1]]𢆥[[1946]]、翁淂保𫜵代表[[國會]]課頭先𧵑𡈉越南民主共和。 | 𣈜[[6𣎃1]]𢆥[[1946]]、翁淂保𫜵代表[[國會]]課頭先𧵑𡈉越南民主共和。 | ||
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抵後盾咮保大談判貝法𧗱𡋂獨立𧵑越南、各力量政治包𠁟[[高臺]]、[[和好]]、[[越南革命同盟會]]、[[大越國民黨]]吧[[越南國民黨]]聯結成立[[𩈘陣統一國家聯勰]]。<ref name=b>[https://www.mtholyoke.edu/acad/intrel/pentagon/pent5.htm The Pentagon Papers, Chapter 2, "U.S. Involvement in the Franco-Viet Minh War, 1950-1954", U.S. POLICY AND THE BAO DAI REGIME]</ref> 𣦍𡢐妬、[[𩈘陣統一國家聯勰]]決定ｿ仕擁護保大談判貝法𧗱𡋂獨立𧵑越南。𣎃5𢆥1947、𩈘陣統一國家聯勰舉派團𦤾香港﨤保大抵說伏翁呢成立𠬠政府中央吧談判貝法𧗱𡋂獨立𧵑越南。<ref>Archimedes L. A. Patti、『Why Vietnam?』、茄出版沱灢、2008、張646-647。</ref> 保大淂[[𩈘陣統一國家聯勰]]包𠁟各力量政治[[高臺]]、[[和好]]、[[越南革命同盟會]]、[[大越國民黨]]吧[[越南國民黨]]後盾。<ref name=b/> 低𱺵𠯹組織政治或宗敎曽參加政府[[越南民主共和]]咍合作貝越盟𢶢法仍由衝突貝越盟𢧚轉𨖅擁護保大成立國家越南。 | 抵後盾咮保大談判貝法𧗱𡋂獨立𧵑越南、各力量政治包𠁟[[高臺]]、[[和好]]、[[越南革命同盟會]]、[[大越國民黨]]吧[[越南國民黨]]聯結成立[[𩈘陣統一國家聯勰]]。<ref name=b>[https://www.mtholyoke.edu/acad/intrel/pentagon/pent5.htm The Pentagon Papers, Chapter 2, "U.S. Involvement in the Franco-Viet Minh War, 1950-1954", U.S. POLICY AND THE BAO DAI REGIME]</ref> 𣦍𡢐妬、[[𩈘陣統一國家聯勰]]決定ｿ仕擁護保大談判貝法𧗱𡋂獨立𧵑越南。𣎃5𢆥1947、𩈘陣統一國家聯勰舉派團𦤾香港﨤保大抵說伏翁呢成立𠬠政府中央吧談判貝法𧗱𡋂獨立𧵑越南。<ref>Archimedes L. A. Patti、『Why Vietnam?』、茄出版沱灢、2008、張646-647。</ref> 保大淂[[𩈘陣統一國家聯勰]]包𠁟各力量政治[[高臺]]、[[和好]]、[[越南革命同盟會]]、[[大越國民黨]]吧[[越南國民黨]]後盾。<ref name=b/> 低𱺵𠯹組織政治或宗敎曽參加政府[[越南民主共和]]咍合作貝越盟𢶢法仍由衝突貝越盟𢧚轉𨖅擁護保大成立國家越南。 | ||
𢆥[[1947]]、舊𠆳密探法於[[東洋]]羅 Cousseau 㐌接觸貝保大在[[香港]]、𫔦意𠸼翁𧗱𡈉捻權、形成𢧚「解法保大」。固意見咮𠺘役呢𥆂𢶢吏𡌟戰掙獨立𧵑風潮[[越盟]]、<ref>{{r|瓊居|Quỳnh Cư}}-{{r|杜德雄|Đỗ Đức Hùng}}、各朝代越南、茄出版靑年、1999、張384。</ref> | 𢆥[[1947]]、舊𠆳密探法於[[東洋]]羅 Cousseau 㐌接觸貝保大在[[香港]]、𫔦意𠸼翁𧗱𡈉捻權、形成𢧚「解法保大」。固意見咮𠺘役呢𥆂𢶢吏𡌟戰掙獨立𧵑風潮[[越盟]]、<ref>{{r|瓊居|Quỳnh Cư}}-{{r|杜德雄|Đỗ Đức Hùng}}、各朝代越南、茄出版靑年、1999、張384。</ref> 拱固意見咮𠺘解法保大淂拸𫥨𥆂反應貝趨向國際𢭂捛獨立咮各屬地同時𥆂𢶢吏事𨷑𢌌影響𧵑主義共產在東洋。<ref>''The first Indochina war: French and American policy 1945-54'' - Ronald E Irving - London: Croom Helm, 1986</ref> 羣本身保大認𧦴𠺘「丐淂哙羅解法保大化𫥨羅解法𧵑𠊛法。」<ref name=c>H. R. McMaster (1998). ''Dereliction of Duty: Johnson, McNamara, the Joint Chiefs of Staff, and the Lies That Led to Vietnam''. New York, New York: HarperCollins Publishers, Inc.</ref> | ||
美擁護願望獨立民族在東南亞𥪝妬固越南、仍貝條件領導𧵑𠯹茄𡈉㵋「空沛羅𠊛共產」、美擁護役成立各「茄𡈉非共產」穩定𥪝區域接夾中國。蹺[[說 Domino]]、美互助𠯹國家同盟在東南亞為空諧𢚸貝條𦓡𢩜咮羅「力量共產㦖統治洲亞𨑜招牌民族」。<ref>[https://www.mtholyoke.edu/acad/intrel/pentagon/pent5.htm The Pentagon Papers, Chapter 2, "U.S. Involvement in the Franco-Viet Minh War, 1950-1954", MEMORANDUM FOR THE PRESIDENT - Harry S. Truman President], 摘 "Recognition by the United States of the three legally constituted governments of Vietnam, Laos' and Cambodia appears desirable and in accordance with United States foreign policy for several reasons. ''Among them are: encouragement to national aspirations under non-Communist leadership for peoples of colonial areas in Southeast Asia; the establishment of stable non-Communist governments in areas adjacent to Communist China; support to a friendly country which is also a signatory to the North Atlantic Treaty; and as a demonstration of displeasure with Communist tactics which are obviously aimed at eventual domination of Asia, working under the guise of indigenous nationalism''."</ref> 朋援助、美𢹥法沛讓步主義民族在越南。政策𧵑美羅互助𠊛法戰勝𥪝𡌟戰𢶢[[越南民主共和]]、𡢐妬ｿ仕𢹥𠊛法 踤𨆢圤東洋。<ref>[https://www.mtholyoke.edu/acad/intrel/pentagon/pent5.htm The Pentagon Papers, Chapter 2, "U.S. Involvement in the Franco-Viet Minh War, 1950-1954"], 摘 "''The U.S.-French ties in Europe （NATO, Marshall Plan, Mutual Defense Assistance Program） only marginally strengthened U.S. urgings that France make concessions to Vietnamese nationalism''. Any leverage from these sources was severely limited by the broader considerations of U.S. policy for the containment of communism in Europe and Asia. NATO and the Marshall Plan were of themselves judged to be essential to our European interests. To threaten France with economic and military sanctions in Europe in order to have it alter its policy in Indochina was, therefore, not plausible. Similarly, to reduce the level of military assistance to the French effort in Indochina would have been counter-productive, since it would have led to a further deterioration in the French military position there. ''In other words, there was a basic incompatibility in the two strands of U.S. policy: （1） Washington wanted France to fight the anti-communist war and win, preferably with U.S. guidance and advice; and （2） Washington expected the French, when battlefield victory was assured, to magnanimously withdraw from Indochina." ''</ref> 答吏、𱘃法認定羅美過「癡疎」、吧𠬠𠊛法㐌吶𣦎羅「𠯹𠊛美𢛨𢥈𡀯𠊛恪、癡疎無方救𡪇、信想𠺘欺軍隊法踤𨆢、毎𠊛ｿ仕𧡊𡋂獨立𧵑𠊛越出現。」<ref>Alfred McCoy. [http://www.drugtext.org/The-Politics-of-Heroin-in-Southeast-Asia/5-south-vietnam-narcotics-in-the-nations-service.html South Vietnam: Narcotics in the Nation's Service]. 摘引: "''The French had little enthusiasm for this emerging nation and its premier, and so the French had to go. Pressured by American military aid cutbacks and prodded by the Diem regime, the French stepped up their troop withdrawals. By April 1956 the once mighty French Expeditionary Corps had been reduced to less than 5,000 men, and American officers had taken over their jobs as advisers to the Vietnamese army. The Americans criticized the french as hopelessly "colonialist" in their attitudes, and French officials retorted that the Americans were naive During this difficult transition period one French official denounced "the meddling Americans who, in their incorrigible guilelessness, believed that once the French Army leaves, Vietnamese independence will burst forth for all to see." Although this French official was doubtlessly biased, he was also correct. There was a certain naiveness, a certain innocent freshness, surrounding many of the American officials who poured into Saigon in the mid 1950s." ''"</ref> | 美擁護願望獨立民族在東南亞𥪝妬固越南、仍貝條件領導𧵑𠯹茄𡈉㵋「空沛羅𠊛共產」、美擁護役成立各「茄𡈉非共產」穩定𥪝區域接夾中國。蹺[[說 Domino]]、美互助𠯹國家同盟在東南亞為空諧𢚸貝條𦓡𢩜咮羅「力量共產㦖統治洲亞𨑜招牌民族」。<ref>[https://www.mtholyoke.edu/acad/intrel/pentagon/pent5.htm The Pentagon Papers, Chapter 2, "U.S. Involvement in the Franco-Viet Minh War, 1950-1954", MEMORANDUM FOR THE PRESIDENT - Harry S. Truman President], 摘 "Recognition by the United States of the three legally constituted governments of Vietnam, Laos' and Cambodia appears desirable and in accordance with United States foreign policy for several reasons. ''Among them are: encouragement to national aspirations under non-Communist leadership for peoples of colonial areas in Southeast Asia; the establishment of stable non-Communist governments in areas adjacent to Communist China; support to a friendly country which is also a signatory to the North Atlantic Treaty; and as a demonstration of displeasure with Communist tactics which are obviously aimed at eventual domination of Asia, working under the guise of indigenous nationalism''."</ref> 朋援助、美𢹥法沛讓步主義民族在越南。政策𧵑美羅互助𠊛法戰勝𥪝𡌟戰𢶢[[越南民主共和]]、𡢐妬ｿ仕𢹥𠊛法 踤𨆢圤東洋。<ref>[https://www.mtholyoke.edu/acad/intrel/pentagon/pent5.htm The Pentagon Papers, Chapter 2, "U.S. Involvement in the Franco-Viet Minh War, 1950-1954"], 摘 "''The U.S.-French ties in Europe （NATO, Marshall Plan, Mutual Defense Assistance Program） only marginally strengthened U.S. urgings that France make concessions to Vietnamese nationalism''. Any leverage from these sources was severely limited by the broader considerations of U.S. policy for the containment of communism in Europe and Asia. NATO and the Marshall Plan were of themselves judged to be essential to our European interests. To threaten France with economic and military sanctions in Europe in order to have it alter its policy in Indochina was, therefore, not plausible. Similarly, to reduce the level of military assistance to the French effort in Indochina would have been counter-productive, since it would have led to a further deterioration in the French military position there. ''In other words, there was a basic incompatibility in the two strands of U.S. policy: （1） Washington wanted France to fight the anti-communist war and win, preferably with U.S. guidance and advice; and （2） Washington expected the French, when battlefield victory was assured, to magnanimously withdraw from Indochina." ''</ref> 答吏、𱘃法認定羅美過「癡疎」、吧𠬠𠊛法㐌吶𣦎羅「𠯹𠊛美𢛨𢥈𡀯𠊛恪、癡疎無方救𡪇、信想𠺘欺軍隊法踤𨆢、毎𠊛ｿ仕𧡊𡋂獨立𧵑𠊛越出現。」<ref>Alfred McCoy. [http://www.drugtext.org/The-Politics-of-Heroin-in-Southeast-Asia/5-south-vietnam-narcotics-in-the-nations-service.html South Vietnam: Narcotics in the Nation's Service]. 摘引: "''The French had little enthusiasm for this emerging nation and its premier, and so the French had to go. Pressured by American military aid cutbacks and prodded by the Diem regime, the French stepped up their troop withdrawals. By April 1956 the once mighty French Expeditionary Corps had been reduced to less than 5,000 men, and American officers had taken over their jobs as advisers to the Vietnamese army. The Americans criticized the french as hopelessly "colonialist" in their attitudes, and French officials retorted that the Americans were naive During this difficult transition period one French official denounced "the meddling Americans who, in their incorrigible guilelessness, believed that once the French Army leaves, Vietnamese independence will burst forth for all to see." Although this French official was doubtlessly biased, he was also correct. There was a certain naiveness, a certain innocent freshness, surrounding many of the American officials who poured into Saigon in the mid 1950s." ''"</ref> | ||
| 𣳔74： | 𣳔74： | ||
𣈜[[5𣎃6]]𢆥[[1948]]、保大㐌﨤攑高委法 Bollaert 於[[泳下龍]]、𨑗戰艦Duguay Trouin、抵談判𧗱𡋂獨立吧統一𧵑越南。𣎃1𢆥1949、本宣言越-法淂公布、蹺妬𡈉法公認𡋂獨立吧統一𧵑越南𥪝囷苦𧵑塊[[聯勰法]]。 | 𣈜[[5𣎃6]]𢆥[[1948]]、保大㐌﨤攑高委法 Bollaert 於[[泳下龍]]、𨑗戰艦Duguay Trouin、抵談判𧗱𡋂獨立吧統一𧵑越南。𣎃1𢆥1949、本宣言越-法淂公布、蹺妬𡈉法公認𡋂獨立吧統一𧵑越南𥪝囷苦𧵑塊[[聯勰法]]。 | ||
越盟指摘保大羅醜賖、罪𥓹為㐌𥙩吏自𠊛法𡨸「獨立」神奇𦓡胡志明㐌顧𠡚掙迭於 Fontainebleu 空淂。𠯹𠊛法固思想殖民反對條𦓡𢩜咮羅事投降𧵑 | 越盟指摘保大羅醜賖、罪𥓹為㐌𥙩吏自𠊛法𡨸「獨立」神奇𦓡胡志明㐌顧𠡚掙迭於 Fontainebleu 空淂。𠯹𠊛法固思想殖民反對條𦓡𢩜咮羅事投降𧵑 Bollaert、同時要求𢵷南圻𫥨圤份羣吏𧵑越南、𠾕拸越南𢮿𠭤吏制度保護。各政治家於 Paris 𫥨飭鎭安𠯹𠊛法擁護[[主義殖民]]吧擔保貝𢩜𠺘ｿ仕空固夷𠳙𣋇－𡌟戰爭ｿ仕空𢰷𢴑。各領袖共和平民吧𡗉𠊛親近貝共和平民吏咮𠺘𢹣𨱽戰爭ｿ仕𣍊飭固利吧㐌𠫾𦤾決定空抵咮𡌟戰爭結束𣌋。<ref>Archimedes L. A. Patti、『Why Vietnam?』、茄出版沱灢、2008、張649。</ref> | ||
𡢐妬保大踤𨆢圤各活動政治吧𠫾洲歐𠬠𨁮姅。𣈜25𣎃8𢆥1948、自 Saint Germain 保大報咮 E. Bollaert 別翁ｿ仕空𢮿𧗱越南𡀮法空毀𠬕制度屬地在南圻吧𢭂捛南圻吏咮國家越南拱如𡀮翁空認淂事擔保𧵑法咮越南獨立。<ref>Archimedes L. A. Patti、『Why Vietnam?』、茄出版沱灢、2008、張650。</ref> | 𡢐妬保大踤𨆢圤各活動政治吧𠫾洲歐𠬠𨁮姅。𣈜25𣎃8𢆥1948、自 Saint Germain 保大報咮 E. Bollaert 別翁ｿ仕空𢮿𧗱越南𡀮法空毀𠬕制度屬地在南圻吧𢭂捛南圻吏咮國家越南拱如𡀮翁空認淂事擔保𧵑法咮越南獨立。<ref>Archimedes L. A. Patti、『Why Vietnam?』、茄出版沱灢、2008、張650。</ref> | ||
| 𣳔116： | 𣳔116： | ||
𥪝時間呢、影響𧵑保大在各區域如[[廣治]]吧[[承天-化]]吻羣慄𡘯。正為丕𱘃[[越南民主共和]]（VNDCCH）㐌派各代面𨖅法𥆂說伏保大參加𠬠政府聯勰𥆂統一越南、𢘾妬通撾保大时沔北固體收唿㖭𠯹𠊛擁護在各地方𦓡保大固影響。𨑜影響𧵑各𡌟﨤𩈘呢、𥪝𠯹𣇜發表公開保大㐌體現立場𢶢吏事現面𧵑軍隊花旗在越南、指摘政府{{r|[[阮文紹]]|Nguyễn Văn Thiệu}}吧呌哙成立𠬠政府聯勰自由、中立吧和平在越南。{{fact}} | 𥪝時間呢、影響𧵑保大在各區域如[[廣治]]吧[[承天-化]]吻羣慄𡘯。正為丕𱘃[[越南民主共和]]（VNDCCH）㐌派各代面𨖅法𥆂說伏保大參加𠬠政府聯勰𥆂統一越南、𢘾妬通撾保大时沔北固體收唿㖭𠯹𠊛擁護在各地方𦓡保大固影響。𨑜影響𧵑各𡌟﨤𩈘呢、𥪝𠯹𣇜發表公開保大㐌體現立場𢶢吏事現面𧵑軍隊花旗在越南、指摘政府{{r|[[阮文紹]]|Nguyễn Văn Thiệu}}吧呌哙成立𠬠政府聯勰自由、中立吧和平在越南。{{fact}} | ||
𢆥[[1982]]、因開張會皇族於海外、保大𨁮頭先𨖅𠽄[[美]]貝資格個人。𥪝𢧐𠫾呢翁㐌認𠸜𤕔抵𫜵吏絏開生咮𠯹𠊛𡥵外婚𠓀低空𥱬𠸜𤕔。在市鎭 [[Sacramento]]、翁淂贈䑾鈘銙鐄象徴咮市鎭呢。翁拱淂婆市長城舗 [[Westminster、 California]] 贈名號「公民名譽」𧵑城舗。翁拱𠽄咏吧祝𢜠各𣇜禮𧵑共同[[佛敎]]吧[[道高臺]]𠊛越於 [[California]] 共各共同[[𠊛美㭲越]]於 [[Texas]] | 𢆥[[1982]]、因開張會皇族於海外、保大𨁮頭先𨖅𠽄[[美]]貝資格個人。𥪝𢧐𠫾呢翁㐌認𠸜𤕔抵𫜵吏絏開生咮𠯹𠊛𡥵外婚𠓀低空𥱬𠸜𤕔。在市鎭 [[Sacramento]]、翁淂贈䑾鈘銙鐄象徴咮市鎭呢。翁拱淂婆市長城舗 [[Westminster、 California]] 贈名號「公民名譽」𧵑城舗。翁拱𠽄咏吧祝𢜠各𣇜禮𧵑共同[[佛敎]]吧[[道高臺]]𠊛越於 [[California]] 共各共同[[𠊛美㭲越]]於 [[Texas]]。保大拱因𣋑呢𠽄𢲛意見𧵑各共同𠊛越𤯩於花旗、自妬寻𫥨解法咮役和解民族。 | ||
====喪禮==== | ====喪禮==== | ||
舊皇保大羅位𤤰壽一[[茄阮]]。翁[[撾𠁀]]𠓨5𣇞𤍎𣈜[[31𣎃7]]𢆥[[1997]]在軍醫院 [[Val-de-Grâce]]、<ref name=d>{{r|瓊居|Quỳnh Cư}}-{{r|杜德雄|Đỗ Đức Hùng}}、各朝代越南、茄出版靑年、1999、張386</ref> 享壽85𢆫。翁拱𱺵𠬠[[廢帝]]𤯩壽一𨑗世界時現代。𠓀妬翁固認𠳒𧗱參與會議上頂[[共同法語]]（La Francophonie）淂組織在[[河內]]𠓨[[1997]]。<ref>〈[http://www.nguoiduatin.vn/vua-bao-dai-tung-bi-tay-ban-gay-chan-vi-ghen-a24211.html 𤤰保大曽被西𡭉𢴛蹎為… 悭]〉。追及𣈜22𣎃5𢆥2012。</ref> | 舊皇保大羅位𤤰壽一[[茄阮]]。翁[[撾𠁀]]𠓨5𣇞𤍎𣈜[[31𣎃7]]𢆥[[1997]]在軍醫院 [[Val-de-Grâce]]、<ref name=d>{{r|瓊居|Quỳnh Cư}}-{{r|杜德雄|Đỗ Đức Hùng}}、各朝代越南、茄出版靑年、1999、張386</ref> 享壽85𢆫。翁拱𱺵𠬠[[廢帝]]𤯩壽一𨑗世界時現代。𠓀妬翁固認𠳒𧗱參與會議上頂[[共同法語]]（La Francophonie）淂組織在[[河內]]𠓨[[1997]]。<ref>〈[http://www.nguoiduatin.vn/vua-bao-dai-tung-bi-tay-ban-gay-chan-vi-ghen-a24211.html 𤤰保大曽被西𡭉𢴛蹎為… 悭]〉。追及𣈜22𣎃5𢆥2012。</ref> | ||
| 𣳔126： | 𣳔126： | ||
𥪝巻『保大－咍𠯹𣈜𡳃窮𧵑王國安南』、Daniel Grandclément 曰:<ref>Daniel Grandclément、『保大－咍𠯹𣈜𡳃窮𧵑王國安南』、茄出版婦女。𠳒吶頭</ref> | 𥪝巻『保大－咍𠯹𣈜𡳃窮𧵑王國安南』、Daniel Grandclément 曰:<ref>Daniel Grandclément、『保大－咍𠯹𣈜𡳃窮𧵑王國安南』、茄出版婦女。𠳒吶頭</ref> | ||
:保大棟如𠯹夷毎𠊛越㐌別𧗱翁：豪華、歷覽吧𤬸調、𤜬𡭉𡤟、梩車唏、𣛠𩙻𡤟、跳舞、打 golf、𨔈ｿ羊𦅲𡤟… 翁只空別𫜵𤤰。翁𤤰𡈉南㨿𨛦𨒺、甚至謀卯只抵固淂自䑾車唏、𣛠𩙻咮𦤾口銃𤜬、巻 album 紴𤿦、妥滿𠯹趣𢝙物質。 | :保大棟如𠯹夷毎𠊛越㐌別𧗱翁：豪華、歷覽吧𤬸調、𤜬𡭉𡤟、梩車唏、𣛠𩙻𡤟、跳舞、打 golf、𨔈ｿ羊𦅲𡤟… 翁只空別𫜵𤤰。翁𤤰𡈉南㨿𨛦𨒺、甚至謀卯只抵固淂自䑾車唏、𣛠𩙻咮𦤾口銃𤜬、巻 album 紴𤿦、妥滿𠯹趣𢝙物質。 | ||
:如𠳒保大首認: | :如𠳒保大首認:「𠊛法𣅶芇拱㦖𪝬𡎥安𠬠𡊲、空咮親密貝民𢧚𥪝𠄩𨒒𢆥𡗶𫜵𤤰𪝬𫥨北𠬠𨁮、𠓨南圻𠬠𨁮、拱羅𠫾迾撾、空𧡊𤑟𤉜𠬠條夷。衝𨒺𪝬𢩜逹全𠯹𠊛密探。𪝬慄𢞂別𨉟空體𫜵吱固益咮𡐙𡈉…」。 | ||
:翁𢠩糊信想𠓨「𡋂獨立𥪝囷苦聯勰法」達淂𥚯𠲞共貝各條件物質。捐充暢、捐淂供奉、保大羕如𣠖包𣇞𢣂𦤾役𠫾寻獨立朋𡥵塘唸蜜𦣰荄如各𤤰[[咸宜]]、[[維新]]𠓀翁。 | :翁𢠩糊信想𠓨「𡋂獨立𥪝囷苦聯勰法」達淂𥚯𠲞共貝各條件物質。捐充暢、捐淂供奉、保大羕如𣠖包𣇞𢣂𦤾役𠫾寻獨立朋𡥵塘唸蜜𦣰荄如各𤤰[[咸宜]]、[[維新]]𠓀翁。 | ||
: | :翁㐌卻辭𠯹機會𦓡主席胡志明㐌造𫥨、芒𦤾咮翁… 卻辭機會𠫾終塘貝哿民族、油翁㐌共政府共和𧀒𥘷𡎥合⚡盘自役𡘯𦤾役𡮈𥪝𠯹𣈜開生茄𡈉。𡥵塘𦓡保大𢮪𡳃窮㐌引𦤾結局「翁皇被撅𠫾如撅𠬠曷𣻃無値價…」。 | ||
:行動𡘯一𥪝𠁀翁羅退位、吧翁𠫾𠓨歷史只朋𠬠勾吶:「𪝬㦖𫜵民𠬠𡈉自由欣羅𫜵𤤰𠬠𡈉奴隷」。 | :行動𡘯一𥪝𠁀翁羅退位、吧翁𠫾𠓨歷史只朋𠬠勾吶:「𪝬㦖𫜵民𠬠𡈉自由欣羅𫜵𤤰𠬠𡈉奴隷」。 | ||
==家眷== | ==家眷== | ||
| 𣳔163： | 𣳔163： | ||
==勾吶𤃠㗂== | ==勾吶𤃠㗂== | ||
*「𢧲空㦖𠬠軍隊𡈉𠰻𫜵覩𧖱臣民𢧲。」<ref>David George Marr (1995), ''Vietnam 1945: The Quest for Power''. London, England: University of California Press, Ltd.</ref> （發表欺辭咥事保衞𧵑軍日𢶢吏危機倒政𧵑[[越盟]]） | *「𢧲空㦖𠬠軍隊𡈉𠰻𫜵覩𧖱臣民𢧲。」<ref>David George Marr (1995), ''Vietnam 1945: The Quest for Power''. London, England: University of California Press, Ltd.</ref> （發表欺辭咥事保衞𧵑軍日𢶢吏危機倒政𧵑[[越盟]]） | ||
*「𫜵民𠬠𡈉獨立欣𫜵𤤰𠬠𡈉奴隷。」<ref>勾「朕應𫜵民𠬠𡈉獨立欣𫜵𤤰𠬠𡈉奴隷」吧勾「朕𥙩𫜵𢝙淂𫜵民𠬠𡈉獨立」淂保大習読吧読在𣇜禮退位；吧勾「𫜵民𠬠𡈉獨立欣𫜵𤤰𠬠𡈉奴隷」淂保大曰𥪝詔𠳚咮皇族。𠄩詔𨑗保大㐌𢘾翁{{r|范克槐|[[Phạm Khắc Hòe]]}} | *「𫜵民𠬠𡈉獨立欣𫜵𤤰𠬠𡈉奴隷。」<ref>勾「朕應𫜵民𠬠𡈉獨立欣𫜵𤤰𠬠𡈉奴隷」吧勾「朕𥙩𫜵𢝙淂𫜵民𠬠𡈉獨立」淂保大習読吧読在𣇜禮退位；吧勾「𫜵民𠬠𡈉獨立欣𫜵𤤰𠬠𡈉奴隷」淂保大曰𥪝詔𠳚咮皇族。𠄩詔𨑗保大㐌𢘾翁{{r|范克槐|[[Phạm Khắc Hòe]]}}撰護吧保大記𠸜、㨂印信𠓨吧𫥨令旦⚡「詔退位」在{{r|敷文樓|Phu Văn Lâu}}、𠬠詔𠳚咮皇族。蹺回記{{r|范克槐|Phạm Khắc Hòe}}、份摘吏在張126、153、154巻『佳話吧事實𧗱保大、𤤰𡳃窮朝阮』、作者{{r|李仁|Lý Nhân}}-{{r|潘次郞|Phan Thứ Lang}}、[[茄出版文藝城舗胡志明]]、2006。</ref> | ||
* | *「丐淂哙羅解法保大化𫥨羅解法𧵑𠊛法。」<ref name=c/> | ||
*「㐌𦤾𣅶結束𡌟戰兄弟相殘吧𠃣一羅復回和平共事和合。」<ref>Philip Shenon（𣈜2𣎃8𢆥1997）, 〈[http://pages.cs.wisc.edu/~vu/vnsa/1997/vnsa29/msg00350.html “Bao Dai, 83, of Vietnam; Emperor and Bon Vivant”]〉, New York Times.</ref> （發表𢆥1972𥆂呌哙和平吧和合民族於越南） | *「㐌𦤾𣅶結束𡌟戰兄弟相殘吧𠃣一羅復回和平共事和合。」<ref>Philip Shenon（𣈜2𣎃8𢆥1997）, 〈[http://pages.cs.wisc.edu/~vu/vnsa/1997/vnsa29/msg00350.html “Bao Dai, 83, of Vietnam; Emperor and Bon Vivant”]〉, New York Times.</ref> （發表𢆥1972𥆂呌哙和平吧和合民族於越南） | ||
*「嗔咮𪝬淂𤯩吧𣩂𥪝平安。」<ref>𢆥1996、欺各博士𠊛法解剖眜咮翁、𡗉團體吧組織政治𦤾祝𢜠吧𠸼翁參與貝資格領袖、翁括𢬣吧吶如𠹚𥘾:「S’il vous plaît、 laissez- moi vivre et mourir en paix」。䀡『資料』（期9）:〈𠳨𡀯情婆「次妃」{{r|夢蝶|Mộng Điệp}}貝舊皇保大〉𧵑{{r|阮得春|Nguyễn Đắc Xuân}}、排淂登𨑗雜誌『見識𣈜𫢩』、數527、𣎃3𢆥2005。</ref> | *「嗔咮𪝬淂𤯩吧𣩂𥪝平安。」<ref>𢆥1996、欺各博士𠊛法解剖眜咮翁、𡗉團體吧組織政治𦤾祝𢜠吧𠸼翁參與貝資格領袖、翁括𢬣吧吶如𠹚𥘾:「S’il vous plaît、 laissez- moi vivre et mourir en paix」。䀡『資料』（期9）:〈𠳨𡀯情婆「次妃」{{r|夢蝶|Mộng Điệp}}貝舊皇保大〉𧵑{{r|阮得春|Nguyễn Đắc Xuân}}、排淂登𨑗雜誌『見識𣈜𫢩』、數527、𣎃3𢆥2005。</ref> | ||