恪別𡧲版𢯢𢷮𧵑「保大」
SaigonSarang (討論 | 㨂𢵰) n 𠊝替文本－「𣎏」成「固」 |
SaigonSarang (討論 | 㨂𢵰) n 𠊝替文本－「𨕭」成「𨑗」 |
||
| 𣳔40： | 𣳔40： | ||
𣈜[[7𣎃4]]𢆥1945，保大㐌記道諭數5准依成份{{r|[[內閣陳仲金]]|Nội các Trần Trọng Kim}}吧𣈜[[12𣎃5]]解體院民表中圻。{{fact}} 𣎃6𢆥1945，政府{{r|[[陳仲金]]|Trần Trọng Kim}}逹國號羅[[帝國越南]]。 | 𣈜[[7𣎃4]]𢆥1945，保大㐌記道諭數5准依成份{{r|[[內閣陳仲金]]|Nội các Trần Trọng Kim}}吧𣈜[[12𣎃5]]解體院民表中圻。{{fact}} 𣎃6𢆥1945，政府{{r|[[陳仲金]]|Trần Trọng Kim}}逹國號羅[[帝國越南]]。 | ||
𣈜16𣎃8𢆥1945，{{r|陳仲金|Trần Trọng Kim}}宣布保衞「獨立」掙淂9𣎃3，吧𣈜18𣎃8造𦋦𠬠委班解放民族。蹺𠳒勧𧵑翁部長部外交，保大𠳚通牒咮總統 Truman，𤤰𡈉英，統制蔣介石，將 de Gaulle 提議公認獨立𧵑越南。雖然𦥃24𣎃8翁㐌寔現勾捛𠳒會同機密決定退位「扺空沛羅𠬠阻碍咮事解放𧵑𡐙𡈉」。<ref>Stéphane Just: <A propos d'une possibilité théorique et de la lutte pour la dictature du prolétariat> | 𣈜16𣎃8𢆥1945，{{r|陳仲金|Trần Trọng Kim}}宣布保衞「獨立」掙淂9𣎃3，吧𣈜18𣎃8造𦋦𠬠委班解放民族。蹺𠳒勧𧵑翁部長部外交，保大𠳚通牒咮總統 Truman，𤤰𡈉英，統制蔣介石，將 de Gaulle 提議公認獨立𧵑越南。雖然𦥃24𣎃8翁㐌寔現勾捛𠳒會同機密決定退位「扺空沛羅𠬠阻碍咮事解放𧵑𡐙𡈉」。<ref>Stéphane Just: <A propos d'une possibilité théorique et de la lutte pour la dictature du prolétariat> 𨑗《La Vérité》n°588 （Septembre 1979）</ref> | ||
𣈜18𣎃8，𤤰保大㐌確認獨立𧵑越南𡢐欺日投降，淂公布𠓨𣎃3吧同時𠳚𠬠通牒𦥃 de Gaulle 要求公認𡋂獨立𧵑越南。通牒呢咮𠺘事獨立𧵑越南「只固義羅保衞利益𧵑法吧影響精神法𣄒東洋」。{{fact}} 雖然 de Gaulle 豫見ｿ仕後盾咮𠬠制度君主𦓡𠊛𥪸頭空沛羅保大，𠊛㐌妥協𢭲日本扺淂「獨立」，𦓡羅{{r|永珊|Vĩnh San}}（[[維新]]），淂䀡如羅𠬠𠊛「Gaullist」。<ref name=a>Paul-Marie de La GORCE:<De Gaulle-Leclerc: de Londres à l'Indochine>, 《Espoir》n°132, 2002</ref> | 𣈜18𣎃8，𤤰保大㐌確認獨立𧵑越南𡢐欺日投降，淂公布𠓨𣎃3吧同時𠳚𠬠通牒𦥃 de Gaulle 要求公認𡋂獨立𧵑越南。通牒呢咮𠺘事獨立𧵑越南「只固義羅保衞利益𧵑法吧影響精神法𣄒東洋」。{{fact}} 雖然 de Gaulle 豫見ｿ仕後盾咮𠬠制度君主𦓡𠊛𥪸頭空沛羅保大，𠊛㐌妥協𢭲日本扺淂「獨立」，𦓡羅{{r|永珊|Vĩnh San}}（[[維新]]），淂䀡如羅𠬠𠊛「Gaullist」。<ref name=a>Paul-Marie de La GORCE:<De Gaulle-Leclerc: de Londres à l'Indochine>, 《Espoir》n°132, 2002</ref> | ||
| 𣳔46： | 𣳔46： | ||
自𣎃3𢆥[[1945]]，越南𣑎𠓨𠬠情狀混亂由壙𪔠𧗱權力政治過𡘯。𠊛日當𢥈𢶢拖各杶擯攻𧵑軍隊同盟英-美。哿政府𧵑{{r|陳仲金|Trần Trọng Kim}}悋朝廷𧵑保大调空𨁥力量軍事吧威信政治扺檢刷情形。蹺 Peter A. Pull，只固越盟羅力量固組織唯一𣄒𡈉呢固可能捻淂權政治。<ref>Peter A. Pull，《𡈉美吧東洋－自 Roosevelt 𦥃 Nixon》，茄出版通信理論，河內，1986，張23。</ref> 戰爭㐌爫竭蹶𡋂經濟，𡈉日墘竭原料𢧚軍日佔𥙩穭𥺊吧各產品恪，扒民破穭𣙩𦰣扺服務[[戰爭]]，{{r|共|cộng}}㖭天災，難𩛜（[[難𩛜乙酉]]）㐌侈𦋦在[[北圻]]吧[[中圻]]。𠊛𢧲約倂𠺘㐌固壙𠄩兆𠊛𣩂為難𩛜呢。 | 自𣎃3𢆥[[1945]]，越南𣑎𠓨𠬠情狀混亂由壙𪔠𧗱權力政治過𡘯。𠊛日當𢥈𢶢拖各杶擯攻𧵑軍隊同盟英-美。哿政府𧵑{{r|陳仲金|Trần Trọng Kim}}悋朝廷𧵑保大调空𨁥力量軍事吧威信政治扺檢刷情形。蹺 Peter A. Pull，只固越盟羅力量固組織唯一𣄒𡈉呢固可能捻淂權政治。<ref>Peter A. Pull，《𡈉美吧東洋－自 Roosevelt 𦥃 Nixon》，茄出版通信理論，河內，1986，張23。</ref> 戰爭㐌爫竭蹶𡋂經濟，𡈉日墘竭原料𢧚軍日佔𥙩穭𥺊吧各產品恪，扒民破穭𣙩𦰣扺服務[[戰爭]]，{{r|共|cộng}}㖭天災，難𩛜（[[難𩛜乙酉]]）㐌侈𦋦在[[北圻]]吧[[中圻]]。𠊛𢧲約倂𠺘㐌固壙𠄩兆𠊛𣩂為難𩛜呢。 | ||
𢆥[[1945]]，[[革命𣎃𠔭]] | 𢆥[[1945]]，[[革命𣎃𠔭]]成功。在各地方𨑗哿𡈉，越盟纀政權[[帝國越南]]交權力咮𢩜。𠓀情勢𪦆，保大決定退位。保大空𤑟沛聯絡𢭲埃𣄒河內，𢧚𠳚𠬠電信細「委班人民救國」𣄒河內: | ||
:「答應𠳒呌哙𧵑委班，𪝬𠻿牀退位。𠓀𣇞決定呢𧵑歷史國家，團結羅𤯩，𢺺𥘶羅𣩂。𪝬𠻿牀犠牲悉哿毎權利，扺咮事團結淂成就，吧要求代面𧵑委班𣌋細化，扺認盤交。」<ref>保大，《𡥵𧏵越南》，阮福族出版，1990，張185。</ref> | :「答應𠳒呌哙𧵑委班，𪝬𠻿牀退位。𠓀𣇞決定呢𧵑歷史國家，團結羅𤯩，𢺺𥘶羅𣩂。𪝬𠻿牀犠牲悉哿毎權利，扺咮事團結淂成就，吧要求代面𧵑委班𣌋細化，扺認盤交。」<ref>保大，《𡥵𧏵越南》，阮福族出版，1990，張185。</ref> | ||
| 𣳔66： | 𣳔66： | ||
美擁護願望獨立民族在東南亞𥪝𪦆固越南，仍𢭲條件領導𧵑𠯹茄𡈉𡤓「空沛羅𠊛共產」，美擁護役成立各「茄𡈉非共產」穩定𥪝區域接夾中國。蹺[[說 Domino]]，美互助𠯹國家同盟在東南亞為空諧𢚸𢭲條𦓡𢩜咮羅「力量共產㦖統治洲亞𠁑招牌民族」。<ref>[https://www.mtholyoke.edu/acad/intrel/pentagon/pent5.htm The Pentagon Papers, Chapter 2, "U.S. Involvement in the Franco-Viet Minh War, 1950-1954", MEMORANDUM FOR THE PRESIDENT - Harry S. Truman President], 摘 "Recognition by the United States of the three legally constituted governments of Vietnam, Laos' and Cambodia appears desirable and in accordance with United States foreign policy for several reasons. ''Among them are: encouragement to national aspirations under non-Communist leadership for peoples of colonial areas in Southeast Asia; the establishment of stable non-Communist governments in areas adjacent to Communist China; support to a friendly country which is also a signatory to the North Atlantic Treaty; and as a demonstration of displeasure with Communist tactics which are obviously aimed at eventual domination of Asia, working under the guise of indigenous nationalism''."</ref> 朋援助，美𢹥法沛讓步主義民族在越南。政策𧵑美羅互助𠊛法戰勝𥪝𡌟戰𢶢[[越南民主共和]]，𡢐𪦆ｿ仕𢹥𠊛法 踤𨆢圤東洋。<ref>[https://www.mtholyoke.edu/acad/intrel/pentagon/pent5.htm The Pentagon Papers, Chapter 2, "U.S. Involvement in the Franco-Viet Minh War, 1950-1954"], 摘 "''The U.S.-French ties in Europe （NATO, Marshall Plan, Mutual Defense Assistance Program） only marginally strengthened U.S. urgings that France make concessions to Vietnamese nationalism''. Any leverage from these sources was severely limited by the broader considerations of U.S. policy for the containment of communism in Europe and Asia. NATO and the Marshall Plan were of themselves judged to be essential to our European interests. To threaten France with economic and military sanctions in Europe in order to have it alter its policy in Indochina was, therefore, not plausible. Similarly, to reduce the level of military assistance to the French effort in Indochina would have been counter-productive, since it would have led to a further deterioration in the French military position there. ''In other words, there was a basic incompatibility in the two strands of U.S. policy: （1） Washington wanted France to fight the anti-communist war and win, preferably with U.S. guidance and advice; and （2） Washington expected the French, when battlefield victory was assured, to magnanimously withdraw from Indochina." ''</ref> 答吏，𪰂法認定羅美過「癡疎」，吧𠬠𠊛法㐌吶𣦎羅「𠯹𠊛美𢛨𢥈𡀯𠊛恪，癡疎無方救𡪇，信想𠺘欺軍隊法踤𨆢，毎𠊛ｿ仕𧡊𡋂獨立𧵑𠊛越出現。」<ref>Alfred McCoy. [http://www.drugtext.org/The-Politics-of-Heroin-in-Southeast-Asia/5-south-vietnam-narcotics-in-the-nations-service.html South Vietnam: Narcotics in the Nation's Service]. 摘引: "''The French had little enthusiasm for this emerging nation and its premier, and so the French had to go. Pressured by American military aid cutbacks and prodded by the Diem regime, the French stepped up their troop withdrawals. By April 1956 the once mighty French Expeditionary Corps had been reduced to less than 5,000 men, and American officers had taken over their jobs as advisers to the Vietnamese army. The Americans criticized the french as hopelessly "colonialist" in their attitudes, and French officials retorted that the Americans were naive During this difficult transition period one French official denounced "the meddling Americans who, in their incorrigible guilelessness, believed that once the French Army leaves, Vietnamese independence will burst forth for all to see." Although this French official was doubtlessly biased, he was also correct. There was a certain naiveness, a certain innocent freshness, surrounding many of the American officials who poured into Saigon in the mid 1950s." ''"</ref> | 美擁護願望獨立民族在東南亞𥪝𪦆固越南，仍𢭲條件領導𧵑𠯹茄𡈉𡤓「空沛羅𠊛共產」，美擁護役成立各「茄𡈉非共產」穩定𥪝區域接夾中國。蹺[[說 Domino]]，美互助𠯹國家同盟在東南亞為空諧𢚸𢭲條𦓡𢩜咮羅「力量共產㦖統治洲亞𠁑招牌民族」。<ref>[https://www.mtholyoke.edu/acad/intrel/pentagon/pent5.htm The Pentagon Papers, Chapter 2, "U.S. Involvement in the Franco-Viet Minh War, 1950-1954", MEMORANDUM FOR THE PRESIDENT - Harry S. Truman President], 摘 "Recognition by the United States of the three legally constituted governments of Vietnam, Laos' and Cambodia appears desirable and in accordance with United States foreign policy for several reasons. ''Among them are: encouragement to national aspirations under non-Communist leadership for peoples of colonial areas in Southeast Asia; the establishment of stable non-Communist governments in areas adjacent to Communist China; support to a friendly country which is also a signatory to the North Atlantic Treaty; and as a demonstration of displeasure with Communist tactics which are obviously aimed at eventual domination of Asia, working under the guise of indigenous nationalism''."</ref> 朋援助，美𢹥法沛讓步主義民族在越南。政策𧵑美羅互助𠊛法戰勝𥪝𡌟戰𢶢[[越南民主共和]]，𡢐𪦆ｿ仕𢹥𠊛法 踤𨆢圤東洋。<ref>[https://www.mtholyoke.edu/acad/intrel/pentagon/pent5.htm The Pentagon Papers, Chapter 2, "U.S. Involvement in the Franco-Viet Minh War, 1950-1954"], 摘 "''The U.S.-French ties in Europe （NATO, Marshall Plan, Mutual Defense Assistance Program） only marginally strengthened U.S. urgings that France make concessions to Vietnamese nationalism''. Any leverage from these sources was severely limited by the broader considerations of U.S. policy for the containment of communism in Europe and Asia. NATO and the Marshall Plan were of themselves judged to be essential to our European interests. To threaten France with economic and military sanctions in Europe in order to have it alter its policy in Indochina was, therefore, not plausible. Similarly, to reduce the level of military assistance to the French effort in Indochina would have been counter-productive, since it would have led to a further deterioration in the French military position there. ''In other words, there was a basic incompatibility in the two strands of U.S. policy: （1） Washington wanted France to fight the anti-communist war and win, preferably with U.S. guidance and advice; and （2） Washington expected the French, when battlefield victory was assured, to magnanimously withdraw from Indochina." ''</ref> 答吏，𪰂法認定羅美過「癡疎」，吧𠬠𠊛法㐌吶𣦎羅「𠯹𠊛美𢛨𢥈𡀯𠊛恪，癡疎無方救𡪇，信想𠺘欺軍隊法踤𨆢，毎𠊛ｿ仕𧡊𡋂獨立𧵑𠊛越出現。」<ref>Alfred McCoy. [http://www.drugtext.org/The-Politics-of-Heroin-in-Southeast-Asia/5-south-vietnam-narcotics-in-the-nations-service.html South Vietnam: Narcotics in the Nation's Service]. 摘引: "''The French had little enthusiasm for this emerging nation and its premier, and so the French had to go. Pressured by American military aid cutbacks and prodded by the Diem regime, the French stepped up their troop withdrawals. By April 1956 the once mighty French Expeditionary Corps had been reduced to less than 5,000 men, and American officers had taken over their jobs as advisers to the Vietnamese army. The Americans criticized the french as hopelessly "colonialist" in their attitudes, and French officials retorted that the Americans were naive During this difficult transition period one French official denounced "the meddling Americans who, in their incorrigible guilelessness, believed that once the French Army leaves, Vietnamese independence will burst forth for all to see." Although this French official was doubtlessly biased, he was also correct. There was a certain naiveness, a certain innocent freshness, surrounding many of the American officials who poured into Saigon in the mid 1950s." ''"</ref> | ||
𣈜7𣎃12𢆥1947，在𡌟合⚡𨑗艚戰法𣄒[[泳下龍]]，保大吧法談判𠱤記結協約泳下龍。協約體現事同順𧵑𠄩边𧗱役成立國家越南𨑗基礎原則獨立吧統一𧵑越南𥪝[[聯勰法]]，嚜油義正確𧵑詞「獨立」吧各權限具體𧵑政府𡤓吻𣠖淂確定。政府活動𠁑𠬠憲章臨時，𢮪[[旗鐄𠀧朔𧺃]]爫國旗吧本〈[[靑年行曲]]〉𢭲𠳒樂𡤓爫[[國歌]]。<ref>{{r|楊虔|Dương Kiền}}，《越南世紀20編年史》，Falls Church，VA:㗂圭鄕，2005，張57。</ref> 國家越南ｿ仕固𠬠軍隊𥢆雖然沛「𠻿牀保衞不據份芇𧵑聯勰法」。事獨立政治𧵑茄𡈉國家越南淂規定𥪝協約泳下龍過𡮈𢧚協約呢被{{r|吳廷琰|Ngô Đình Diệm}}吧哿𠯹政治家𥪝[[𩈘陣統一國家聯勰]]指摘。<ref name=b/> | |||
由被各政治家𥪝𩈘陣統一國家聯勰指摘，保大𢰷𢴑談判𢭲法吧𠫾遊歷洲歐𥪝4𣎃。𠊛法舉各茄外交蹺保大扺說伏翁接續談判吧成立政府。𣎃1𢆥1948，高委法在東洋 E. Bollaert 寻﨤保大𣄒 Genève，瑞士扺說伏翁𢮿𧗱越南扺接續談判吧成立政府。保大宣布𡀮協約泳下龍空淂補充翁ｿ仕空𢮿𧗱越南。𡢐𪦆翁𠫾 Cannes，Paris 𠱤𢮿𧗱香港。<ref>Archimedes L. A. Patti，《Why Vietnam?》，茄出版沱灢，2008，張648–649。</ref> | 由被各政治家𥪝𩈘陣統一國家聯勰指摘，保大𢰷𢴑談判𢭲法吧𠫾遊歷洲歐𥪝4𣎃。𠊛法舉各茄外交蹺保大扺說伏翁接續談判吧成立政府。𣎃1𢆥1948，高委法在東洋 E. Bollaert 寻﨤保大𣄒 Genève，瑞士扺說伏翁𢮿𧗱越南扺接續談判吧成立政府。保大宣布𡀮協約泳下龍空淂補充翁ｿ仕空𢮿𧗱越南。𡢐𪦆翁𠫾 Cannes，Paris 𠱤𢮿𧗱香港。<ref>Archimedes L. A. Patti，《Why Vietnam?》，茄出版沱灢，2008，張648–649。</ref> | ||
| 𣳔72： | 𣳔72： | ||
𣈜[[24𣎃4]]𢆥1948，少將{{r|[[阮文春]]| Nguyễn Văn Xuân}}吧{{r|[[陳文友]]|Trần Văn Hữu}}拱𩙻細[[香港]]扺﨤保大嗔成立政府臨時咮越南，𣈜15𣎃5，保大𠳚通牒咮將{{r|春|Xuân}}，贊成事成立政府中央臨時越南由將調遣「扺解決問題越南對𢭲法吧輿論國際」。 | 𣈜[[24𣎃4]]𢆥1948，少將{{r|[[阮文春]]| Nguyễn Văn Xuân}}吧{{r|[[陳文友]]|Trần Văn Hữu}}拱𩙻細[[香港]]扺﨤保大嗔成立政府臨時咮越南，𣈜15𣎃5，保大𠳚通牒咮將{{r|春|Xuân}}，贊成事成立政府中央臨時越南由將調遣「扺解決問題越南對𢭲法吧輿論國際」。 | ||
𣈜[[5𣎃6]]𢆥[[1948]]，保大㐌﨤攑高委法 Bollaert 𣄒[[泳下龍]] | 𣈜[[5𣎃6]]𢆥[[1948]]，保大㐌﨤攑高委法 Bollaert 𣄒[[泳下龍]]，𨑗戰艦Duguay Trouin，扺談判𧗱𡋂獨立吧統一𧵑越南。𣎃1𢆥1949，本宣言越-法淂公布，蹺𪦆𡈉法公認𡋂獨立吧統一𧵑越南𥪝囷苦𧵑塊[[聯勰法]]。 | ||
越盟指摘保大羅醜賖，罪𥓹為㐌𥙩吏自𠊛法𡨸「獨立」神奇𦓡胡志明㐌顧𠡚掙迭𣄒 Fontainebleu 空淂。𠯹𠊛法固思想殖民反對條𦓡𢩜咮羅事投降𧵑 Bollaert，同時要求𢵷南圻𦋦圤份羣吏𧵑越南，𠾕拸越南𢮿𠭤吏制度保護。各政治家𣄒 Paris 𦋦飭鎭安𠯹𠊛法擁護[[主義殖民]]吧擔保𢭲𢩜𠺘ｿ仕空固夷𠳙𣋇－𡌟戰爭ｿ仕空𢰷𢴑。各領袖共和平民吧𡗉𠊛親近𢭲共和平民吏咮𠺘𢹣𨱽戰爭ｿ仕𣍊飭固利吧㐌𠫾𦥃決定空扺咮𡌟戰爭結束𣌋。<ref>Archimedes L. A. Patti，《Why Vietnam?》，茄出版沱灢，2008，張649。</ref> | 越盟指摘保大羅醜賖，罪𥓹為㐌𥙩吏自𠊛法𡨸「獨立」神奇𦓡胡志明㐌顧𠡚掙迭𣄒 Fontainebleu 空淂。𠯹𠊛法固思想殖民反對條𦓡𢩜咮羅事投降𧵑 Bollaert，同時要求𢵷南圻𦋦圤份羣吏𧵑越南，𠾕拸越南𢮿𠭤吏制度保護。各政治家𣄒 Paris 𦋦飭鎭安𠯹𠊛法擁護[[主義殖民]]吧擔保𢭲𢩜𠺘ｿ仕空固夷𠳙𣋇－𡌟戰爭ｿ仕空𢰷𢴑。各領袖共和平民吧𡗉𠊛親近𢭲共和平民吏咮𠺘𢹣𨱽戰爭ｿ仕𣍊飭固利吧㐌𠫾𦥃決定空扺咮𡌟戰爭結束𣌋。<ref>Archimedes L. A. Patti，《Why Vietnam?》，茄出版沱灢，2008，張649。</ref> | ||
| 𣳔88： | 𣳔88： | ||
𣎃1𢆥1950，保大指定{{r|[[阮攀龍]]|Nguyễn Phan Long}}爫首相。𣈜27𣎃4𢆥1950，解散政府阮攀龍吧委任首憲{{r|[[陳文友]]|Trần Văn Hữu}}成立政府𡤓。倂𦥃頭𢆥1950，固35國家公認國家越南。<ref>{{r|黃機瑞|Hoàng Cơ Thụy}}，張2301。</ref> | 𣎃1𢆥1950，保大指定{{r|[[阮攀龍]]|Nguyễn Phan Long}}爫首相。𣈜27𣎃4𢆥1950，解散政府阮攀龍吧委任首憲{{r|[[陳文友]]|Trần Văn Hữu}}成立政府𡤓。倂𦥃頭𢆥1950，固35國家公認國家越南。<ref>{{r|黃機瑞|Hoàng Cơ Thụy}}，張2301。</ref> | ||
自𣎃6咮𦥃𣎃10𢆥1950，國家越南吧法合⚡在 | 自𣎃6咮𦥃𣎃10𢆥1950，國家越南吧法合⚡在 Pau（法）扺盘𧗱役轉交各職能管理出入境，關係外交，外商，海關吧財政咮國家越南。財政羅問題𢲧𡗉爭𢚲一包𠁟役檢刷利潤自活動外匯。結果悉哿各職能𨑗㐌淂法轉交咮國家越南。首相國家越南{{r|[[陳文友]]|Trần Văn Hữu}}𡢐欺記妥順𢭲法㐌宣布:「𡋂獨立𧵑眾𪝬現𠉞實絕𠼕」。各官職法攀𪹰𧗱保大:「翁𧘇集中過𣞪𠓨役𥙩吏自眾𪝬𠯹夷固體𠳙為寻劍事擁護自人民… 歷史ｿ仕判𧦴翁𧘇為過注心𠓨𡀯呢」。雖然𠊛法吻𪜦咮𨉟權觀察吧干涉對𢭲𠯹問題聯關𦥃全部聯勰法。𠊛法羣固權接近毎通信茄𡈉，參與𠓨悉哿各決定𧵑政府吧認𠬠款𡮈自利息國家𧵑越南。<ref name=b/> | ||
𣈜8𣎃12𢆥1950，國家越南吧法記協定軍事成立軍隊國家越南朋格逹𠬠數單位軍隊法在越南𠁑權指揮𧵑國家越南。豫見軍隊呢ｿ仕包𠁟120.000軍吧4.000士官。悉哿士官调沛羅𠊛越。<ref>[http://www.buttondepress.com/secretstuff/ttu2006/rvnaf.htm A Brief Overview of the Vietnam National Army and the Republic of Vietnam Armed Forces (1952-1975), PERSPECTIVES ON RVNAF FROM FRUS, Stephen Sherman and Bill Laurie]</ref> 法固責任互助國家越南成立𠯹單位𡤓由士官越南指揮吧陶造士官𠊛越𠳙替𢴍𠯹士官法當現面𥪝軍隊國家越南。茄史學 [[Spencer C. Tucker]] 咮𠺘[[軍隊國家越南]]淂訓練劔吧空固士官指揮級高𠊛越，法只單簡羅拸𠯹𠊛𠔦𡤓選募淂𠓨各軍團遠征法，在𪦆，𠊛指揮羅各士官法。<ref>Spencer C.Tucker, ''Encyclopedia of the Vietnam War'', ABC-CLIO, 2000, 張189。</ref> | 𣈜8𣎃12𢆥1950，國家越南吧法記協定軍事成立軍隊國家越南朋格逹𠬠數單位軍隊法在越南𠁑權指揮𧵑國家越南。豫見軍隊呢ｿ仕包𠁟120.000軍吧4.000士官。悉哿士官调沛羅𠊛越。<ref>[http://www.buttondepress.com/secretstuff/ttu2006/rvnaf.htm A Brief Overview of the Vietnam National Army and the Republic of Vietnam Armed Forces (1952-1975), PERSPECTIVES ON RVNAF FROM FRUS, Stephen Sherman and Bill Laurie]</ref> 法固責任互助國家越南成立𠯹單位𡤓由士官越南指揮吧陶造士官𠊛越𠳙替𢴍𠯹士官法當現面𥪝軍隊國家越南。茄史學 [[Spencer C. Tucker]] 咮𠺘[[軍隊國家越南]]淂訓練劔吧空固士官指揮級高𠊛越，法只單簡羅拸𠯹𠊛𠔦𡤓選募淂𠓨各軍團遠征法，在𪦆，𠊛指揮羅各士官法。<ref>Spencer C.Tucker, ''Encyclopedia of the Vietnam War'', ABC-CLIO, 2000, 張189。</ref> | ||
| 𣳔118： | 𣳔118： | ||
𢆥[[1982]]，因開張會皇族𣄒海外，保大𨁮頭先𨖅𠽄[[美]]𢭲資格個人。𥪝𢧐𠫾呢翁㐌認𠸛𤕔扺爫吏絏開生咮𠯹𠊛𡥵外婚𠓀低空𥱬𠸛𤕔。在市鎭 [[Sacramento]]，翁淂贈䑾鈘銙鐄象徴咮市鎭呢。翁拱淂婆市長城舗 [[Westminster， California]] 贈名號「公民名譽」𧵑城舗。翁拱𠽄咏吧祝𢜠各𣇜禮𧵑共同[[佛敎]]吧[[道高臺]]𠊛越𣄒 [[California]] 共各共同[[𠊛美㭲越]]𣄒 [[Texas]]。保大拱因𣋑呢𠽄𢲛意見𧵑各共同𠊛越𤯩𣄒花旗，自𪦆寻𦋦解法咮役和解民族。 | 𢆥[[1982]]，因開張會皇族𣄒海外，保大𨁮頭先𨖅𠽄[[美]]𢭲資格個人。𥪝𢧐𠫾呢翁㐌認𠸛𤕔扺爫吏絏開生咮𠯹𠊛𡥵外婚𠓀低空𥱬𠸛𤕔。在市鎭 [[Sacramento]]，翁淂贈䑾鈘銙鐄象徴咮市鎭呢。翁拱淂婆市長城舗 [[Westminster， California]] 贈名號「公民名譽」𧵑城舗。翁拱𠽄咏吧祝𢜠各𣇜禮𧵑共同[[佛敎]]吧[[道高臺]]𠊛越𣄒 [[California]] 共各共同[[𠊛美㭲越]]𣄒 [[Texas]]。保大拱因𣋑呢𠽄𢲛意見𧵑各共同𠊛越𤯩𣄒花旗，自𪦆寻𦋦解法咮役和解民族。 | ||
====喪禮==== | ====喪禮==== | ||
舊皇保大羅位𤤰壽一[[茄阮]]。翁[[撾𠁀]]𠓨5𣇞𤍎𣈜[[31𣎃7]]𢆥[[1997]]在軍醫院 [[Val-de-Grâce]]，<ref name=d>{{r|瓊居|Quỳnh Cư}}-{{r|杜德雄|Đỗ Đức Hùng}}，各朝代越南，茄出版靑年，1999，張386</ref> 享壽85𢆫。翁拱羅𠬠[[廢帝]] | 舊皇保大羅位𤤰壽一[[茄阮]]。翁[[撾𠁀]]𠓨5𣇞𤍎𣈜[[31𣎃7]]𢆥[[1997]]在軍醫院 [[Val-de-Grâce]]，<ref name=d>{{r|瓊居|Quỳnh Cư}}-{{r|杜德雄|Đỗ Đức Hùng}}，各朝代越南，茄出版靑年，1999，張386</ref> 享壽85𢆫。翁拱羅𠬠[[廢帝]]𤯩壽一𨑗世界時現代。𠓀𪦆翁固認𠳒𧗱參與會議上頂[[共同法語]]（La Francophonie）淂組織在[[河內]]𠓨[[1997]]。<ref>〈[http://www.nguoiduatin.vn/vua-bao-dai-tung-bi-tay-ban-gay-chan-vi-ghen-a24211.html 𤤰保大曽被西𡭉𢴛蹎為… 悭]〉。追及𣈜22𣎃5𢆥2012。</ref> | ||
倓喪保大淂組織𠬠格𣼽𠲥𠓨𣅶11𣇞𣈜6𣎃8𢆥1997在茄𥚤 Saint-Pierre de chaillot 數35大路 Marceau，郡16 Paris 吧靈柩淂埋葬在義地 Passy | 倓喪保大淂組織𠬠格𣼽𠲥𠓨𣅶11𣇞𣈜6𣎃8𢆥1997在茄𥚤 Saint-Pierre de chaillot 數35大路 Marceau，郡16 Paris 吧靈柩淂埋葬在義地 Passy 𨑗𡾫 Trocadero。<ref name=d/> | ||
捛𠳒[[BBC]]𧗱事件呢，婆 Monique 吶: | 捛𠳒[[BBC]]𧗱事件呢，婆 Monique 吶:「𣈜𣋚𠉞𪝬慄𤴬𢞂。已然𠱤，𠓀𣍊吧𨑗𣍊羅為重⚡𪝬𣃣撾𠁀。仍𣋚𠉞張史𧵑[[朝阮]]越南拱淂𢰷𢴑。𪝬求願咮重⚡𪝬」。<ref>䀡㖭《佳話吧事實𧗱保大，𤤰𡳃窮朝阮》，作者{{r|李仁|Lý Nhân}}-{{r|潘次郞|Phan Thứ Lang}}，[[茄出版文藝城舗胡志明]]，2006。張268，269</ref> | ||
==打價== | ==打價== | ||
𥪝巻《保大－咍𠯹𣈜𡳃窮𧵑王國安南》，Daniel Grandclément 曰:<ref>Daniel Grandclément，《保大－咍𠯹𣈜𡳃窮𧵑王國安南》，茄出版婦女。𠳒吶頭</ref> | 𥪝巻《保大－咍𠯹𣈜𡳃窮𧵑王國安南》，Daniel Grandclément 曰:<ref>Daniel Grandclément，《保大－咍𠯹𣈜𡳃窮𧵑王國安南》，茄出版婦女。𠳒吶頭</ref> | ||
| 𣳔163： | 𣳔163： | ||
==勾吶𤃠㗂== | ==勾吶𤃠㗂== | ||
*「𢧲空㦖𠬠軍隊𡈉𠰻爫覩𧖱臣民𢧲。」<ref>David George Marr (1995), ''Vietnam 1945: The Quest for Power''. London, England: University of California Press, Ltd.</ref> （發表欺辭咥事保衞𧵑軍日𢶢吏危機倒政𧵑[[越盟]]） | *「𢧲空㦖𠬠軍隊𡈉𠰻爫覩𧖱臣民𢧲。」<ref>David George Marr (1995), ''Vietnam 1945: The Quest for Power''. London, England: University of California Press, Ltd.</ref> （發表欺辭咥事保衞𧵑軍日𢶢吏危機倒政𧵑[[越盟]]） | ||
*「爫民𠬠𡈉獨立欣爫𤤰𠬠𡈉奴隷。」<ref> | *「爫民𠬠𡈉獨立欣爫𤤰𠬠𡈉奴隷。」<ref>勾「朕應爫民𠬠𡈉獨立欣爫𤤰𠬠𡈉奴隷」吧勾「朕𥙩爫𢝙淂爫民𠬠𡈉獨立」淂保大習読吧読在𣇜禮退位；吧勾「爫民𠬠𡈉獨立欣爫𤤰𠬠𡈉奴隷」淂保大曰𥪝詔𠳚咮皇族。𠄩詔𨑗保大㐌𢘾翁{{r|范克槐|[[Phạm Khắc Hòe]]}}撰護吧保大記𠸛，㨂印信𠓨吧𦋦令旦⚡「詔退位」在{{r|敷文樓|Phu Văn Lâu}}，𠬠詔𠳚咮皇族。蹺回記{{r|范克槐|Phạm Khắc Hòe}}，份摘吏在張126，153，154巻《佳話吧事實𧗱保大，𤤰𡳃窮朝阮》，作者{{r|李仁|Lý Nhân}}-{{r|潘次郞|Phan Thứ Lang}}，[[茄出版文藝城舗胡志明]]，2006。</ref> | ||
*「丐淂哙羅解法保大化𦋦羅解法𧵑𠊛法。」<ref name=c/> | *「丐淂哙羅解法保大化𦋦羅解法𧵑𠊛法。」<ref name=c/> | ||
*「㐌𦥃𣅶結束𡌟戰兄弟相殘吧𠃣一羅復回和平共事和合。」<ref>Philip Shenon（𣈜2𣎃8𢆥1997）, 〈[http://pages.cs.wisc.edu/~vu/vnsa/1997/vnsa29/msg00350.html “Bao Dai, 83, of Vietnam; Emperor and Bon Vivant”]〉, New York Times.</ref> （發表𢆥1972𥆂呌哙和平吧和合民族𣄒越南） | *「㐌𦥃𣅶結束𡌟戰兄弟相殘吧𠃣一羅復回和平共事和合。」<ref>Philip Shenon（𣈜2𣎃8𢆥1997）, 〈[http://pages.cs.wisc.edu/~vu/vnsa/1997/vnsa29/msg00350.html “Bao Dai, 83, of Vietnam; Emperor and Bon Vivant”]〉, New York Times.</ref> （發表𢆥1972𥆂呌哙和平吧和合民族𣄒越南） | ||
*「嗔咮𪝬淂𤯩吧𣩂𥪝平安。」<ref>𢆥1996，欺各博士𠊛法解剖眜咮翁，𡗉團體吧組織政治𦥃祝𢜠吧𠸼翁參與𢭲資格領袖，翁括𢬣吧吶如𠹚𥘾:「S’il vous plaît， laissez- moi vivre et mourir en paix」。䀡《資料》（期9）:〈𠳨𡀯情婆「次妃」{{r|夢蝶|Mộng Điệp}}𢭲舊皇保大〉𧵑{{r|阮得春|Nguyễn Đắc Xuân}} | *「嗔咮𪝬淂𤯩吧𣩂𥪝平安。」<ref>𢆥1996，欺各博士𠊛法解剖眜咮翁，𡗉團體吧組織政治𦥃祝𢜠吧𠸼翁參與𢭲資格領袖，翁括𢬣吧吶如𠹚𥘾:「S’il vous plaît， laissez- moi vivre et mourir en paix」。䀡《資料》（期9）:〈𠳨𡀯情婆「次妃」{{r|夢蝶|Mộng Điệp}}𢭲舊皇保大〉𧵑{{r|阮得春|Nguyễn Đắc Xuân}}，排淂登𨑗雜誌《見識𣈜𠉞》，數527，𣎃3𢆥2005。</ref> | ||
==𥪝詩歌== | ==𥪝詩歌== | ||
欺保大𨖅中國，茄詩越南當時{{r|秀𦟖|[[Tú Mỡ]]}}固排詩箴泛𧗱役呢。 | 欺保大𨖅中國，茄詩越南當時{{r|秀𦟖|[[Tú Mỡ]]}}固排詩箴泛𧗱役呢。 | ||
| 𣳔180： | 𣳔180： | ||
*〈[http://www.britannica.com/biography/Bao-Dai Bao Dai (Vietnamese emperor)]〉在《[[Encyclopædia Britannica]]》（㗂英） | *〈[http://www.britannica.com/biography/Bao-Dai Bao Dai (Vietnamese emperor)]〉在《[[Encyclopædia Britannica]]》（㗂英） | ||
*〈[http://www.dragonvert.fr/voyages/bao-dai/dernier-empereur-bao-dai.html Sa Majesté BAO-DAI]〉（㗂法）。 | *〈[http://www.dragonvert.fr/voyages/bao-dai/dernier-empereur-bao-dai.html Sa Majesté BAO-DAI]〉（㗂法）。 | ||
*〈[http://www.vietnamgiapha.com/XemChiTietTungNguoi/51/186/giapha.html 保大] | *〈[http://www.vietnamgiapha.com/XemChiTietTungNguoi/51/186/giapha.html 保大]〉𨑗張《越南家譜》 | ||
*〈[http://hanoi.vnn.vn/chuyen_de/0008/chuyenmotthoi/bai_1.html 10窮朝阮]〉 | *〈[http://hanoi.vnn.vn/chuyen_de/0008/chuyenmotthoi/bai_1.html 10窮朝阮]〉 | ||
*〈[http://vnexpress.net/tin-tuc/thoi-su/vua-bao-dai-thich-choi-the-thao-ngay-tet-2216014.html 𤤰保大適𨔈體操節]〉，{{r|阮東|Nguyễn Đông}}，《VnExpress》，25/1/2012。 | *〈[http://vnexpress.net/tin-tuc/thoi-su/vua-bao-dai-thich-choi-the-thao-ngay-tet-2216014.html 𤤰保大適𨔈體操節]〉，{{r|阮東|Nguyễn Đông}}，《VnExpress》，25/1/2012。 | ||
{{Wikipedia|Bảo Đại}} | {{Wikipedia|Bảo Đại}} | ||