恪別𡧲版𢯢𢷮𧵑「準化:介紹」

空固𥿂略𢯢𢷮
n空固𥿂略𢯢𢷮
𣳔28: 𣳔28:
In principal, the Standard Chunom should be determined based on Frequency of  use in history. But there are many phonetic-loan Nôm characters in old texts. Phonetic-loan Nôm characters are not encouraged to be determined as Standard Chunom except those had been frequently used. Besides, There are also many Chunom have more than one variant which are used with almost the same frequency in history. In these two cases, the opinion poll of a group of people who are familiar with Hán-Nôm should be considered. Thus, if you are familiar with Hán-Nôm, please do not hesitate to join our discussion.  
In principal, the Standard Chunom should be determined based on Frequency of  use in history. But there are many phonetic-loan Nôm characters in old texts. Phonetic-loan Nôm characters are not encouraged to be determined as Standard Chunom except those had been frequently used. Besides, There are also many Chunom have more than one variant which are used with almost the same frequency in history. In these two cases, the opinion poll of a group of people who are familiar with Hán-Nôm should be considered. Thus, if you are familiar with Hán-Nôm, please do not hesitate to join our discussion.  


To participate, please pay a visit to '''[[:體類:𡨸𣗓確定|List of Nom to be Standardized]]''', then choose the Nom(s) you would like to standardize, and add your opinions to the discussion page <small>(The detailed steps are listed here: '''[[Help:Vote]]''')</small>. You are also encouraged to start a new discussion for other Nom, and you can choose the Nom you would like to standardize from the [[標準化:音節通常|List of Common Syllables by Frequency]] and [[標準化:向引查究|Index]].
To participate, please pay a visit to '''[[:體類:𡨸𣗓確定|List of Nom to be Standardized]]''', then choose the Nom(s) you would like to standardize, and add your opinions to the discussion page <small>(The detailed steps are listed here: '''[[助𠢟:𠬃票|Help:Vote]]''')</small>. You are also encouraged to start a new discussion for other Nom, and you can choose the Nom you would like to standardize from the [[標準化:榜𡨸漢喃準|List of Common Syllables by Frequency]] and [[標準化:嚮引查究|Index]].


Determined Standard Chunom are listed here :
Determined Standard Chunom are listed here :
* [[標準化:音節通常]]
* [[標準化:榜𡨸漢喃準]]
* [[:體類:𡨸㐌確定]]
* [[:體類:𡨸㐌確定]]



番版𣅶13:59、𣈜25𣎃6𢆥2021

介紹𧗱「預案標準化𡨸漢喃」

Why Standardize

  nhưchúng𢧲tađượcbiếthầuhếtmọiquốcgia𣎏quốcngữ𥢆riêngthờihiệnđại調đềuđã𣦰trảiqua𠬠mộtcuộccảicáchđặttiêuchuẩncho𡨸chữviết𠬠mộthệthống𡨸chữviếtđểgiaotiếp𦓡𣗓chưađượctiêuchuẩnhoáthì𠱊sẽkhôngthểdùngđược

  tuynhiênchotới𠉞nay𡨸chữnômvẫn𣗓chưađượctiêuchuẩnhoá𠬠mộttừtiếngviệt𣎏thểđượcviết𠁑dưới𡗉nhiềudịthể𡨸chữnômkhác𠑬nhau,mọi𠊛ngườidùng𡨸chữnôm調đều𢭸dựa𨕭trênlựachọn𧵑của𥢆riêng𨉟mìnhkếtquảcácvănbảnnôm𣎏thểbịhiểu𢗖nhầmđiềunày𢟘chắcchắn𠱊sẽdẫn𦤾đếnsựthiếuhiệuquảnhữnghiểu𢗖nhầm𥪝tronggiaotiếp

  𠇍vớimụcđíchtiêuchuẩnhoá𡨸chữnôm、「dựántiêuchuẩnhoá𡨸chữnôm𧵑củauỷbanđược𡏦xây𥩯dựng𥄮nhằmđặt𠚢ra𠬠một𡨸chữnômchuẩntừnhữngdịthể𡨸chữnômkhác𠑬nhauxácđịnhcáchdùng𡨸chữhán𡨸chữnômchocáctừthuầnviệttừhánviệtđặcbiệtcáctừhánviệtdo𠊛ngườiviệttựtạo)、từhỗnchủnghayđồngthờicho𪥘cảcáctừngoạilaiđượcphiênâm𡳳cuốicùngđểhánnôm𠭤trởthành𠬠mộthệthống𡨸chữviếtnghiêmtúchiệnđạihợpphápchotiếngviệt

As we know, almost all modern countries with its own national language has gone with reform of standardization. A writing system cannot be used effectively for communication unless it is standardized.

To date, however, Chữnôm has never been standardized, a Vietnamese word can be represented by variant Nôm characters, and people write Chữnôm based on their own preference. As a result, Nom texts could be misunderstood, and this inevitably causes the inefficiency and misunderstandings in communications.

Aiming at Chữnôm standardization, the Committee's "Nom Standardization Project" is designed to determine the Standard Chữnôm among many variant Nôm characters, to confirm the usage of Chữnôm and Chữhán in Pure Vietnamese words, Sino-Vietnamese words (especially Vietnamese-made Sino-Vietnamese words), and Hybrid words, as well as to determine the Chữnôm and Chữhán characters in Loan words for phonetic transliteration. And eventually to make Hán-Nôm as a serious, modern, legitimate alternative writing system for the Vietnamese language.


Welcome to Participate

Everyone who familiar with Hán-Nôm is welcomed to participate the Nom Standardization Project.

Generally, the Standard Chunom characters are determined by the following two ways:

  • Frequency of use in history;
  • Opinion poll of a group of people who are familiar with Hán-Nôm.

In principal, the Standard Chunom should be determined based on Frequency of use in history. But there are many phonetic-loan Nôm characters in old texts. Phonetic-loan Nôm characters are not encouraged to be determined as Standard Chunom except those had been frequently used. Besides, There are also many Chunom have more than one variant which are used with almost the same frequency in history. In these two cases, the opinion poll of a group of people who are familiar with Hán-Nôm should be considered. Thus, if you are familiar with Hán-Nôm, please do not hesitate to join our discussion.

To participate, please pay a visit to List of Nom to be Standardized, then choose the Nom(s) you would like to standardize, and add your opinions to the discussion page (The detailed steps are listed here: Help:Vote). You are also encouraged to start a new discussion for other Nom, and you can choose the Nom you would like to standardize from the List of Common Syllables by Frequency and Index.

Determined Standard Chunom are listed here :

Materials used for the standardization include:

YesY 嗣德聖製字學解義歌 Tự Đức Thánh Chế Tự Học Giải Nghĩa Ca - 茹出版順化 Nhà Xuất Bản Thuận Hóa Google Baidu (passcode: mz5q)] (TDC)

YesY 大南國音字彙 Đại Nam Quốc Âm Tự Vị (DGT)

YesY 字典𡨸喃 Từ điển chữ Nôm - 茹出版沱㶞 Nhà xuất bạn Đà Nẵng Google Baidu (passcode: cznh)] (DNG)

YesY 字喃字典 Từ điển chữ Nôm - 竹内与之助Google Baidu (passcode: cxkx)] (TUY)

YesY Tự Điển Chữ Nôm Dẫn Giải (DGI)

YesY Dictionnaire Annamite-Français (Génibrel, J.F.M., 1898) (GNB)

YesY Dictionnaire Annamite-Français (Langue officielle et langue vulgaire. Bonet, Jean, 1899) (BNT)

YesY 字典𡨸喃摘引 Từ Điển Chữ Nôm Trích Dẫn - VVH 2009 Google Baidu (passcode: qun0)] (TRD)

YesY 大字典𡨸喃 Đại Từ Điển Chữ Nôm - 武文敬 Vũ Văn KínhGoogle Baidu (passcode: 2arq)] (DTD)


  1. 嗣德聖製字學解義歌(Tự Đức Thánh Chế Tự Học Giải Nghĩa Ca)
  2. 嗣德聖製論語釋義歌(Tự Đức Thánh Chế Luận Ngữ Thích Nghĩa Ca)
  3. Việt Nam Tự Điển 越南字典 - Hội Khai Trí Tiến Đức 1954 Google Baidu (passcode: n8op)]
  4. 嗣德聖制字學解義歌譯註
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  9. Từnguyên HánNôm 漢喃同源辭
  10. 漢越辭典摘引 Hán Việt Từ Điển Trích Dẫn
  11. Hệ thống từ điển chuyên ngành mở - Free Online Vietnamese dictionary
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  15. 네이버 베트남어사전 (Hầu hết các từ Hán Việt được chú thích bằng chữ Hán)
  16. 越漢詞典 wesnoth@ustc Địa chỉ tải xuống dự phòng (Hầu hết các từ Hán Việt được chú thích bằng chữ Hán)
  17. 詞典㗂京中國
  18. Tra từ - Từ điển Hán-Việt trích dẫn tổng hợp
  19. Từ điển Anh Việt. English-Vietnamese Dictionary
  20. 詞典詞漢越 Từ điển từ Hán Việt - 祁廣謀 Kì Quảng Mưu(2017)
  21. Tra cứu Từ điển Tiếng Việt
  22. vietnamtudien.org